Browsing by Author "Valenzuela, Daniela"
Now showing 1 - 13 of 13
Results Per Page
Sort Options
- ItemActa de Tarapacá: pueblo sin agua, pueblo muerto(2018) Latorre Hidalgo, Claudio; Marquet Iturriaga, Pablo Angel; McRostie, Virginia; Maldonado, Antonio; Santoro, Calogero M.; Valenzuela, Daniela; Jofré, Daniela; Angelo, Dante; Gayo, Eugenia M.; Hamamé, Eva; Correa, Jacqueline; Barraza, José; Capriles, José M.; Porras, María Eugenia de; Uribe, Mauricio; Castro, Victoria; Standen, Vivien G.El “Acta de Tarapacá” constituye un llamado de atención sobre la necesidad de cambiar la manera como las sociedades humanas han estado utilizando el agua en el Desierto de Atacama, mediante una perspectiva histórica a lo largo de milenios. El Acta, una iniciativa que resume los resultados del proyecto CONICYT/PIA Anillo SOC1405 “Cambios Sociales y Variabilidad Climática a Largo Plazo en el Desierto de Atacama”, está dirigida a la sociedad civil y a distintas instancias políticas con miras a que se generen cambios tecnológicos y culturales para detener y mitigar los efectos causados por las actividades antrópicas en uno de los desiertos más antiguos y áridos del mundo. En el transcurso del proyecto se constató la necesidad urgente de sensibilizar a la sociedad acerca del desmesurado y mal uso del agua en el Desierto de Atacama; un recurso no renovable con relación a las escalas económicas de extracción ya que depende, fundamentalmente, de aguas fósiles que fueron acumuladas durante milenios en las zonas altas del desierto. De esta manera queremos evitar que este conocimiento científico se encapsule en las universidades y hacer eco de lo señalado por Victoria Castro (2003): Para crecer hay que educar.
- ItemContinuities and discontinuities in the socio-environmental systems of the Atacama Desert during the last 13,000 years(2017) Santoro, Calogero M.; Capriles, José M.; Gayo Hernández, Eugenia Monserrat; De Porras, María Eugenia; Maldonado, Antonio; Standen, Vivien G.; Latorre H., Claudio; Castro, Victoria; Marquet, P. A. (Pablo A.); Mc Rostie Bustamante, Virginia Bernardita; Uribe, Mauricio; Valenzuela, Daniela; Ugalde, Paula C.; Angelo, Dante
- ItemDietary diverstiy in the Atacama desert during the Late intermediate period of northern Chile(2019) Alfonso-Durruty, Marta P.; Gayo, Eugenia M.; Standen, Vivien; Castro, Victoria; Latorre, Claudio; Santoro, Calogero M.; Valenzuela, DanielaThe Pacific Ocean that flanks the hyperarid Atacama Desert of Northern Chile is one of the richest biomass producers around the world. Thus, it is considered a key factor for the subsistence of prehistoric societies (including mixed-economy groups), that inhabited its coastal ecosystems as well as the neighboring inland areas. This study assesses the Arica Culture groups' diet (Late Intermediate Period; 1000-1530 CE), through stable isotope (on bone-collagen; delta C-13 and delta N-15) and dental pathology data. Seventy-seven (n = 77) individuals from two inland (LLU54 and AZ8) and one coastal (CAMS) archaeological sites were studied. Results show an important, but lower than predicted by earlier studies, contribution of marine resources in the diet of all three groups. Dental pathologies and stable isotopes indicate that these groups' diet varied in correlation with their distance to the Pacific Ocean as well as group and individual preferences. The results challenge the idea that Arica Culture groups depended heavily on marine resources for their subsistence. In contrast, this study shows both that the Arica Culture groups' diet was diverse, and that the terrestrial resources consumed were mostly contributed by C-3/CAM plants instead of maize. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
- ItemFROM THE PACIFIC TO THE TROPICAL FORESTS: NETWORKS OF SOCIAL INTERACTION IN THE ATACAMA DESERT, LATE IN THE PLEISTOCENE(2019) Santoro, Calogero M.; Gayo, Eugenia M.; Capriles, Jose M.; Rivadeneira, Marcelo M.; Herrera, Katherine A.; Mandakovic, Valentina; Rallo, Monica; Rech, Jason A.; Cases, Barbara; Briones, Luis; Olguin, Laura; Valenzuela, Daniela; Borrero, Luis A.; Ugalde, Paula C.; Roihhanuner, Francisco; Latorre, Claudio; Szpak, PaulThe social groups that initially inhabited the hyper arid core of the Atacama Desert of northern Chile during the late Pleistocene integrated a wide range of local, regional and supra regional goods and ideas for their social reproduction as suggested by the archaeological evidence contained in several open camps in Pampa del Tamarugal (PdT). Local resources for maintaining their every-day life, included stone raw material, wood, plant and animal fibers, game, and fresh water acquired within a radius of similar to 30 km (ca. 1-2 days journey). At a regional scale, some goods were introduced from the Pacific coast (60-80 km to the west, ca. 3-4 days journey), including elongated rounded cobbles used as hammer stones in lithic production, and shells, especially from non-edible species of mollusks. From the Andes (ranging 80-150 km to the east, ca. 5-8 days of journey), they obtained camelid fiber, obsidian and a high-quality chalcedony, in addition to sharing knowledge on projectile point designs (Patapatane and Tuina type forms). Pieces of wood of a tropical forest tree species (Ceiba spp.) from the east Andean lowlands (600 km away, ca. 30 days of journey) were also brought to the PdT. While local goods were procured by the circulation of people within the PdT, the small number of foreign items would have been acquired through some sort of exchange networks that integrated dispersed local communities throughout several ecosystems. These networks may have been a key factor behind the success exhibited by these early huntergatherers in the hyper arid ecosystems of the Atacama Desert at the end of the Pleistocene.
- ItemLoco or no Loco? Holocene Climatic Fluctuations, Human Demography, and Community Based Management of Coastal Resources in Northern Chile(2017) Santoro, Calogero M.; Gayo Hernández, Eugenia Monserrat; Carter, Chris; Standen, Vivien G.; Castro, Victoria; Valenzuela, Daniela; De Pol-Holz, Ricardo; Marquet, P. A. (Pablo A.); Latorre H., Claudio
- ItemMental health among children and adolescents : Construct validity, reliability, and parent-adolescent agreement on the ‘Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire’ in Chile(2018) Gaete, Jorge; Montero-Marin, Jesus; Valenzuela, Daniela; Rojas Barahona, Cristian A.; Olivares, Esterbina; Araya, Ricardo
- ItemNeurological soft signs as a marker of cognitive impairment severity in people living with HIV(2018) Toro Espinoza, Pablo Esteban; Ceballos, María Elena; Pesenti, José; Inostroza, María; Valenzuela, Daniela; Henríquez, Fernando; Forno, Gonzalo; Herold, Christina; Schröder, Johannes; Calderón Pinto, Jorge
- ItemRock art in Chile (2015-2019)(Archaeopress, 2021) Cabello Baettig, Gloria Andrea; Valenzuela, Daniela; Moya, Francisca
- ItemSilvopastoralism and the shaping of forest patches in the Atacama Desert during the Formative Period (ca. 3000-1500 years BP)(2022) McRostie, Virginia; Babot, Pilar; Calas, Elisa; Gayo, Eugenia; Gallardo, Francisco; Godoy-Aguirre, Carolina; Labarca, Rafael; Latorre, Claudio; Nunez, Lautaro; Ojeda, Karla; Santoro, Calogero M.; Valenzuela, DanielaDuring the Formative period by the Late-Holocene (ca. 3000-1500 BP), semi-sedentary and sedentary human occupations had emerged in the oases, salares, and riverine systems in the central depression (2400-1000 masl) of the Atacama Desert, northern Chile (19-25 degrees S). This hyperarid core was marginally occupied during the post-Pleistocene and middle Holocene droughts. Settlement on these lower belts was accompanied by a rise in humidity, the introduction of Andean crops, flourishment of Prosopis spp. (algarrobo) forests, and increasing integration of domestic camelid caravans. Here, we explore lowland husbandry within risk-spreading strategies, focusing on silvopastoralism and endozoochory between camelids and algarrobos. Analysis of camelid coprolites from seven archeological sites located in the Pampa del Tamarugal, Loa River, and Salar de Atacama found intense grinding from camelid chewing and indicated a ruminal digestive system. Abundant macro and microremains in the form of tissues, phytoliths, crystals, cell structures, and others, were identified as Prosopis, Atriplex, Schoenoplectus, Distichlis, and Phragmites. We conclude that camelids were foraging for Prosopis, although the rather low number of entire seeds preserved in the coprolites leads us to think that these herbivores might not have been the main vectors for the spread and germination of algarrobos. More samples and interdisciplinary studies are needed to comprehend the complex socioecological web in the shaping of these forests and the management of the Atacama Desert landscapes.
- ItemSubstance Use among Adolescents Involved in Bullying: A Cross-Sectional Multilevel Study(2017) Gaete, Jorge; Tornero, Bernardita; Valenzuela, Daniela; Rojas Barahona, Cristian A.; Salmivalli, Christina; Valenzuela Abarca, Eduardo; Araya, Ricardo
- ItemViolence among the first horticulturists in the atacama desert (1000 BCE-600 CE)(2021) Standen, Vivien G.; Santoro, Calogero M.; Arriaza, Bernardo; Verano, John; Monsalve, Susana; Coleman, Drew; Valenzuela, Daniela; Marquet, Pablo A.The Neolithic or Formative Period in the New World drastically transformed the mode of production in human societies with the domestication of plants and animals. It impacted the way of life and social relations among individuals in permanent farming villages. Moreover, the emergence of elites and social inequality fostered interpersonal and inter-and intra-group violence associated with the defense of resources, socio-economic investments, and other cultural concerns. This study evaluated violence among the first horticulturalists in the Atacama Desert in northern Chile during the Neolithic transition between 1000 BCE - 600 CE. Furthermore, it analyzed trauma caused by interpersonal violence using a sample of 194 individuals. Strontium isotopic composition was examined to determine whether violence was local or among foreign parties. Settlement patterns, weapons, and rock art also were evaluated to assess expressions of violence. Skeletal and soft tissues presented the most direct evidence for violence. About 21% (n = 40) of adult individuals, particularly men, showed trauma compatible with interpersonal violence, with 50% (n = 20) of trauma appearing fatal. The findings suggested that violence was between local groups and that social and ecological constraints likely triggered violence within local communities.
- ItemViolence in fishing, hunting, and gathering societies of the Atacama Desert coast: A long-term perspective (10,000 BP-AD 1450)(2023) Standen, Vivien G.; Santoro, Calogero M.; Valenzuela, Daniela; Arriaza, Bernardo; Verano, John; Monsalve, Susana; Coleman, Drew; Marquet, Pablo A.In this study, we examine the long-term trajectory of violence in societies that inhabited the coast of the Atacama Desert in northern Chile using three lines of evidence: bioarchaeology, geoarchaeology and socio-cultural contexts (rock art, weapons, and settlement patterns). These millennia-old populations adopted a way of life, which they maintained for 10,000 years, based on fishing, hunting, and maritime gathering, complementing this with terrestrial resources. We analyzed 288 adult individuals to search for traumas resulting from interpersonal violence and used strontium isotopes Sr-87/Sr-86 as a proxy to evaluate whether individuals that showed traces of violence were members of local or non-local groups. Moreover, we evaluated settlement patterns, rock art, and weapons. The results show that the violence was invariant during the 10,000 years in which these groups lived without contact with the western world. During the Formative Period (1000 BC-AD 500), however, the type of violence changed, with a substantial increase in lethality. Finally, during the Late Intermediate Period (AD 1000-1450), violence and lethality remained similar to that of the Formative Period. The chemical signal of Sr shows a low frequency of individuals who were coastal outsiders, suggesting that violence occurred between local groups. Moreover, the presence of weapons and rock art depicting scenes of combat supports the notion that these groups engaged in violence. By contrast, the settlement pattern shows no defensive features. We consider that the absence of centralized political systems could have been a causal factor in explaining violence, together with the fact that these populations were organized in small-scale grouping. Another factor may have been competition for the same resources in the extreme environments of the Atacama Desert. Finally, from the Formative Period onward, we cannot rule out a certain level of conflict between fishers and their close neighbors, the horticulturalists.
- ItemVivir en la costa: El sitio Cueva La Capilla 1 en el contexto de transición Arcaico-Formativo en el extremo norte de Chile(Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Catholic University of Temuco, 2023) Calas, Elisa; Sepulveda, Marcela; Silva-Pinto, Verónica; Alday, Camila; Garcia, Magdalena; Labarca Encina, Rafael Osvaldo; Valenzuela, Jimena; Osorio, Daniela; Valenzuela, DanielaEl sitio Cueva La Capilla 1 es un contexto clave para entender los procesos de cambio social que vivieron las comunidades cazadoras, recolectoras y pescadoras costeras hacia fines del período Arcaico en la costa exorreica del extremo norte de Chile, Desierto de Atacama. Presentamos el análisis de múltiples evidencias provenientes de excavaciones realizadas a principios de la década 2010 asociadas justamente al lapso temporal de la transición Arcaico-Formativo. A partir de la presencia de materiales relacionados con distintos ámbitos de la vida social de estos grupos, como son la alimentación, tecnología y funebria, discutimos el tipo de actividades desarrolladas en su interior. El origen de los recursos asociados a cada ámbito permite profundizar aspectos vinculados con la movilidad de sus ocupantes e interacción con otras comunidades. En síntesis, con toda la nueva información disponible, incluyendo nuevas dataciones, ampliamos el conjunto de actividades identificadas previamente en el sitio, junto con ahondar en la relevancia de la costa y litoral para las poblaciones locales en el lapso conocido como de transición del Arcaico al Formativo en cuanto a su movilidad y/o redes de interacción con otras poblaciones asentadas en ambientes interiores de la región.