Browsing by Author "Valenzuela, Eduardo "

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Panel Conditioning in a Longitudinal Study of Adolescents' Substance Use: Evidence from an Experiment
    (OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC, 2012) Torche, Florencia; Warren, John Robert; Halpern Manners, Andrew; Valenzuela, Eduardo
    Panel surveys are widely used in sociology to examine life-course trajectories and to assess causal effects. However, when using panel data researchers usually assume that the act of measuring respondents' attitudes and behaviors has no effect on the attributes being measured or on the accuracy of reports about those attributes. Evidence from cognitive psychology, marketing research, political science and other fields suggests that this assumption may not be warranted. Using a rigorous experimental design, we examine the magnitude of panel conditioning bias - the bias emerging from having answered questions in prior waves of a survey - in a panel study of substance use among adolescents in Chile. We find that adolescents who answered survey questions about alcohol, cigarette, marijuana and cocaine use were considerably less likely than members of a control group to report substance use when re-interviewed one year later. This finding has important implications, and also points to the need for sociologists to be concerned about panel conditioning as an important methodological issue.
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    The Paradoxes of Social Cohesion in Latin America
    (CLAD-LATINOAMERICANO ADMINISTRACION DESARROLLO, 2015) Somma, Nicolas M.; Valenzuela, Eduardo
    This essay explores the paradoxes of social cohesion in Latin America, with social cohesion being understood as the force that keep societies united and allow individuals to become integrated to them. We argue that social cohesion relies on three spheres: the market, the political community, and the civil society. We compare Latin America with the developed democracies of the North and suggest that the former has problems for producing social cohesion -and yet Latin American societies do not disintegrate.
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    The Socioeconomic Impact of COVID-19 in Urban Informal Settlements
    (2021) Gil, Diego; Domínguez, Patricio; Undurraga, Eduardo A. ; Valenzuela, Eduardo
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    Trust and reciprocity: A theoretical distinction of the sources of social capital
    (SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD, 2011) Torche, Florencia; Valenzuela, Eduardo
    The social capital literature has focused on the functional and structural properties of social relations, partially neglecting the way in which they are experienced by individuals. Drawing on anthropological and social theory, this article distinguishes two ideal-typical forms of social capital - reciprocity and trust - based on the meaning of the social relations that embed them. Reciprocity is the type of social capital embedded within personal relations, triply defined in the factual, social and temporal dimensions by co-presence, reciprocity and memory, respectively. Trust is the type of social capital embedded within relations with strangers, defined by the condition of impersonality or anonymity. These two types of social capital cannot be reduced to extremes in a continuum, nor are they fungible, and while reciprocity is by definition particularistic ( this is the source of its strength as a linking mechanism), trust has a universalistic potential. Analytical and empirical implications of this distinction are outlined.
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    Votantes, partidos e información política: la frágil intermediación política en el Chile post-autoritario
    (1998) Tironi Rodó, Manuel; Valenzuela, Eduardo; Sunkel, Guillermo