Browsing by Author "Videla, Ximena"

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    Absorption and distribution of calcium (Ca-45) applied to the surface of orange (Citrus sinensis) fruits at different developmental stages
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2022) Bonomelli De Pinaga, Claudia María; Fernandez, Victoria; Capurro Marín, Franco Adolfo; Palma Soler, Carola Paz; Videla, Ximena; Rojas Silva, Ximena; Nario, Adriana; Martiz Martiz, Johanna Paola
    In this study, the rate of absorption and transport of calcium (Ca) in orange fruits (Citrus sinensis cv. Fukumoto) after surface treatment with Ca-45 was evaluated by supplying treatments at different dates between fruit set and mid-phase II of growth (i.e., 30, 44, 66 and 99 days after full bloom, DAFB). Ca-45 absorption was always detected, but Ca-45 application at the fruit set was associated with the highest rates of Ca transport into the pulp (39%) compared to the other treatments (17-19%). Scanning electron microscopy SEM) images of the fruit surface showed the occurrence of stomata along with the entire rind at all the developmental stages evaluated. However, from the beginning of stage I, stomata began to collapse and develop plugs, and this became frequent as the fruit age increased. From 44 DAFB, oil gland density increased, and Ca oxalates (CaOx) were found in the fruit flavedo and albedo. Fruit Ca (not labeled) concentration increased from fruit set (30 DAFB) to 99 DAFB, although oil gland formation and rind growth and differentiation likely hindered Ca transport to internal fruit tissues (pulp). The total Ca concentration in the pedicel was always higher than that in the fruit, with no differences between the first three treatments. The information obtained in this study may be essential for improving Ca fertilizer efficacy in citrus by spray applications.
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    Absorption and distribution of root, fruit, and foliar-applied Ca-45 in 'Clemenules' mandarin trees
    (2020) Bonomelli de Pinaga, Claudia María; Fernández, Victoria; Martiz Martiz, Johanna; Videla, Ximena; Arias, María Ignacia; Rojas Silva, Ximena; Nario, Adriana
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    Absorption and mobility of radio-labelled calcium in chili pepper plants and sweet cherry trees
    (2021) Bonomelli de Pinaga, Claudia Maria; Alcalde Eyheramendy, Carolina Maria; Aguilera Jacob, Camila Paula; Videla, Ximena; Rojas-Silva, Ximena; Nario, Adriana; Fernández, Victoria
    Calcium (Ca) is often supplied to crop species to prevent the occurrence of Ca-related disorders. Mechanisms of Ca absorption and transport are not fully understood and the effectiveness of root and/or foliar Ca fertilization may be variable. To characterize the rate of Ca absorption and transport, trials were developed with chili pepper and sweet cherry plants, using (CaCl2)-Ca-45 as a tracer. The Ca treatments supplied were: (1) No Ca-45 (control); (2) Ca-45 soil application; (3) Ca-45 supply to basal leaves, and (4) Ca-45 application to apical leaves. After two months, plants were harvested for biomass and Ca content determination. The recovery of Ca-45 in different plant parts was measured with a liquid scintillation counter and leaf traits were observed by scanning electronic microscopy. In general, the highest Ca-45 concentrations were recovered in treated organs, while root applications led to highest Ca-45 translocation rates, which varied between chili pepper and cherry plants. For chili pepper, Ca-45 applied to the soil was detected mainly in roots (44 %) followed by leaves (36.6 %) stems (17.4 %) and fruits (2 %). In sweet cherry trees, soil-applied Ca-45 was principally recovered in roots (45.3 %), shoots (28.5 %), leaves (14.3 %) and trunks (11.9 %). The results provide evidence of increased absorption of root-applied Ca, as well as different degrees of Ca mobility between species. Foliar application led to major Ca increases in treated leaves, with Ca transported to other plant organs after apical leaf Ca supply chiefly in cherry trees.
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    Calcination Method of Ca-45 Samples for Isotope Ratio Analysis via Liquid Scintillation
    (2019) Videla, Ximena; Rojas Silva, Ximena; Nario, Adriana; Arias, María Ignacia; Bonomelli de Pinaga, Claudia María