Browsing by Author "Villarroel, L."
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- ItemCompleteness of Chilean information on live births: design of a diagnostic instrument relating birth weight and gestational age at birth to neonatal mortality(ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD, 2006) Mardones, F. J.; Marshall, G.; Viviani, P.; Villarroel, L.; Tapia, J. L.; Cerda, J.; Garcia Huidobro, T.; Ralph, C.; Mardones Restat, F. J.
- ItemEmpiema pleural causado por tricomonas. Caso clínico(2010) Ramírez, A.; Palma, A.; Aviles, E.; Villarroel, L.Pleural empyema formation is one of the potential complications of lower respiratory tract infections and it is characterized by bacterial organisms seen on gram stain or the aspiration of pus on thoracentesis. Very rarely empyema can be caused by trichom
- ItemHistorical exposure to arsenic in drinking water and risk of late fetal and infant mortality - Chile 1950-2005(2014) Ríos, P.; Cortés, S.; Villarroel, L.; Ferreccio, C.A previous study comparing two Chilean cities demonstrated significant increase in fetal mortality in relation to increase in arsenic (As) exposure. Our aim was to confirm this association increasing size and variation of the comparison group, extending the time interval and measuring additional potential confounders. We used time series analysis of infant mortality indicators. We confirmed the clear excess of risk of late fetal death following the increase of the As concentration in drinking water, and the rapid return to the baseline mortality rate in response to the removal of arsenic after 1973. The effect was lower for neonatal and post-neonatal mortality. This study confirms that fetus is more sensitive to As and that regulations should consider additional protection for pregnant women and small children.
- ItemPrenatal growth and metabolic syndrome components among Chilean children(CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 2012) Mardones, F.; Villarroel, L.; Arnaiz, P.; Barja, S.; Dominguez, A.; Castillo, O.; Farias, M.; Eriksson, J. G.; Pacheco, P.The association of prenatal growth with metabolic syndrome (MS) components and insulin resistance (IR) in children has not been studied in Chile and most developing countries. Some associations found in developed countries are controversial. A retrospective cohort study was designed linking present information on MS components and IR in children with register-based information on birth weight (BW), birth length (BL) and gestational age (GA). Examinations included anthropometry and blood pressure (BP), as well as self-report of pubertal status. A fasting blood sample was taken to determine lipids, glucose, insulin and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-IR was calculated. The study cohort of 2152 children was on average 11.4 +/- 1.0 years old. The prevalence of MS, IR and overweight were 7.6%, 24.5% and 34%, respectively. Elevated BP was negatively associated with dichotomized risk categories of the perinatal factors studied (BW, BL and GA). Contingency tables showed that high waist circumference (WC) and elevated BP had a U-shaped association with various categories of BW and BL, respectively. Stepwise linear regressions selected: (a) WC as inversely associated to GA and directly associated to BW, (b) BP as inversely associated to GA and (c) HOMA-IR as inversely associated to BL. Non-optimal prenatal growth seems to predispose to high WC, elevated BP and IR in school-age children, supporting the early life origin of several non-communicable diseases. Those associations were rather weak as estimated by the slopes of the regressions and probably reduced by their U-shaped nature; they would reasonably become stronger with a longer follow-up.
- ItemSocial capital and self-rated health in urban low income neighbourhoods in Chile(BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP, 2008) Sapag, J. C.; Aracena, M.; Villarroel, L.; Poblete, F.; Berrocal, C.; Hoyos, R.; Martinez, M.; Kawachi, I.Objective: To examine the potential association between social capital and self-rated health within a low income community of Santiago, Chile.