Browsing by Author "Yanez, Cristian"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Inflammatory profiles in Chilean Mapuche and non-Mapuche women with gallstones at risk of developing gallbladder cancer
    (2021) Jackson, Sarah S.; Van De Wyngard, Vanessa; Pfeiffer, Ruth M.; Cook, Paz; Hildesheim, Allan; Pinto, Ligia A.; Jackson, Sharon H.; Choi, Kelvin; Verdugo, Ricardo A.; Cuevas, Mara; Yanez, Cristian; Tobar-Calfucoy, Eduardo; Retamales-Ortega, Rocio; Araya, Juan Carlos; Ferreccio, Catterina; Koshiol, Jill
    Chile has high incidence rates of gallbladder cancer globally, particularly among Amerindian women, who also have a high prevalence of gallstones. We examined differences in inflammatory biomarkers between Mapuche and non-Mapuche women from the Chile Biliary Longitudinal Study, a cohort of women with ultrasound-detected gallstones. We randomly selected 200 Mapuche women frequency matched to non-Mapuche women on age and statin use Inflammatory biomarkers were analyzed using a multiplex assay and linear regression to assess associations of a priori markers (CCL20, CXCL10, IL-6, and IL-8) with ethnicity. Novel biomarkers were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and sufficient dimension reduction (SDR) to identify correlated marker groups, followed by linear regression to examine their association with ethnicity. The mean values of IL-8 were higher in Mapuche than non-Mapuche women (P=0.04), while CCL20, CXCL10, and IL-6 did not differ significantly by ethnicity. EFA revealed two marker groups associated with ethnicity (P=0.03 and P<0.001). SDR analysis confirmed correlation between the biomarkers and ethnicity. We found higher IL-8 levels among Mapuche than non-Mapuche women. Novel inflammatory biomarkers were correlated with ethnicity and should be studied further for their role in gallbladder disease. These findings may elucidate underlying ethnic disparities in gallstones and carcinogenesis among Amerindians.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    The Association between Fasting Glucose and Sugar Sweetened Beverages Intake Is Greater in Latin Americans with a High Polygenic Risk Score for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
    (2022) Lopez-Portillo, Maria Lourdes; Huidobro, Andrea; Tobar-Calfucoy, Eduardo; Yanez, Cristian; Retamales-Ortega, Rocio; Garrido-Tapia, Macarena; Acevedo, Johanna; Paredes, Fabio; Cid-Ossandon, Vicente; Ferreccio, Catterina; Verdugo, Ricardo A.
    Chile is one of the largest consumers of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) world-wide. However, it is unknown whether the effects from this highly industrialized food will mimic those reported in industrialized countries or whether they will be modified by local lifestyle or population genetics. Our goal is to evaluate the interaction effect between SSB intake and T2D susceptibility on fasting glucose. We calculated a weighted genetic risk score (GRSw) based on 16 T2D risk SNPs in 2828 non-diabetic participants of the MAUCO cohort. SSB intake was categorized in four levels using a food frequency questionnaire. Log-fasting glucose was regressed on SSB and GRSw tertiles while accounting for socio-demography, lifestyle, obesity, and Amerindian ancestry. Fasting glucose increased systematically per unit of GRSw (beta = 0.02 +/- 0.006, p = 0.00002) and by SSB intake (beta[cat4] = 0.04 +/- 0.01, p = 0.0001), showing a significant interaction, where the strongest effect was observed in the highest GRSw-tertile and in the highest SSB consumption category (beta = 0.05 +/- 0.02, p = 0.02). SNP-wise, SSB interacted with additive effects of rs7903146 (TCF7L2) (beta = 0.05 +/- 0.01, p = 0.002) and with the G/G genotype of rs10830963 (MTNRB1B) (beta = 0.19 +/- 0.05, p = 0.001). Conclusions: The association between SSB intake and fasting glucose in the Chilean population without diabetes is modified by T2D genetic susceptibility.