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Browsing by Author "Zanlungo, S"

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Biliary lipid secretion, bile acid metabolism, and gallstone formation are not impaired in hepatic lipase-deficient mice
(W B SAUNDERS CO, 2003) Amigo, L; Mardones, P; Ferrada, C; Zanlungo, S; Nervi, F; Miquel, JF; Rigotti, A
Whereas hepatic lipase (HL) has been implicated in lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis, its role in controlling biliary lipid physiology has not been reported. This work characterizes plasma lipoprotein cholesterol, hepatic cholesterol content, bile acid metabolism, biliary cholesterol secretion, and gallstone formation in HL-deficient mice and C57BL/6 controls fed standard chow, a cholesterol-supplemented diet, or a lithogenic diet. Compared with C57BL/6 controls, HL knockout mice exhibited increased basal plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol as well as reduced cholesterol levels transported in large lipoproteins in response to cholesterol-enriched diets. Hepatic cholesterol content and biliary cholesterol secretion of chow-fed HL knockout and wild-type mice were not different and increased similarly in both strains after feeding dietary cholesterol or a lithogenic diet. There were no differences in biliary bile acid secretion, bile acid pool size and composition, or fecal bile acid excretion between HL-deficient and control mice. HL knockout mice had a similar prevalence of gallstone formation as compared with control mice when both strains were fed with a lithogenic diet. In conclusion, the deficiency of HL has no major impact on the availability of lipoprotein-derived hepatic cholesterol for biliary secretion; HL expression is not essential for diet-induced gallstone formation in mice.
Effects of hepatic expression of the high-density lipoprotein receptor SR-BI on lipoprotein metabolism and female fertility
(ENDOCRINE SOC, 2006) Yesilaltay, A; Morales, MG; Amigo, L; Zanlungo, S; Rigotti, A; Karackattu, SL; Donahee, MH; Kozarsky, KF; Krieger, M
The etiology of human female infertility is often uncertain. The sterility of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor-negative (SR-BI-/-) female mice suggests a link between female infertility and abnormal lipoprotein metabolism. SR-BI-/- mice exhibit elevated plasma total cholesterol [ with normalsized and abnormally large HDL and high unesterified to total plasma cholesterol (UC:TC) ratio]. We explored the influence of hepatic SR-BI on female fertility by inducing hepatic SR-BI expression in SR-BI-/- animals by adenovirus transduction or stable transgenesis. For transgenes, we used both wild-type SR-BI and a double-point mutant, Q402R/Q418R (SR-BI-RR), which is unable to bind to and mediate lipid transfer from wild-type HDL normally, but retains virtually normal lipid transport activities with low-density lipoprotein. Essentially wild-type levels of hepatic SR-BI expression in SR-BI-/- mice restored to nearly normal the HDL size distribution and plasma UC: TC ratio, whereas approximately 7- to 40- fold overexpression dramatically lowered plasma TC and increased biliary cholesterol secretion. In contrast, SR-BI-RR overexpression had little effect on SR-BI-/- mice, but in SR-BI-/- mice, it substantially reduced levels of abnormally large HDL and normalized the UC: TC ratio. In all cases, hepatic transgenic expression restored female fertility. Overexpression in SR-BI-/- mice of lecithin: cholesterol acyl transferase, which esterifies plasma HDL cholesterol, did not normalize the UC: TC ratio, probably because the abnormal HDL was a poor substrate, and did not restore fertility. Thus, hepatic SR- BImediated lipoprotein metabolism influences murine female fertility, raising the possibility that dyslipidemia might contribute to human female infertility and that targeting lipoprotein metabolism might complement current assisted reproductive technologies.
Enrichment of canalicular membrane with cholesterol and sphingomyelin prevents bile salt-induced hepatic damage
(AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC, 1999) Amigo, L; Mendoza, H; Zanlungo, S; Miquel, JF; Rigotti, A; Gonzalez, S; Nervi, F
These studies were undertaken to characterize the role of plasma membrane cholesterol in canalicular secretory functions and hepatocyte integrity against intravenous taurocholate administration. Cholesterol and sphingomyelin concentrations and cholesterol/phospholipid ratios were significantly increased in canalicular membranes of diosgenin-fed rats, suggesting a more resistant structure against solubilization by taurocholate. During taurocholate infusion, control rats had significantly decreased bile flow, whereas diosgenin-fed animals maintained bile flow, Maximal cholesterol output increased by 176% in diosgenin-fed rats, suggesting an increased precursor pool of biliary cholesterol in these animals. Maximal phospholipid output only increased by 43% in diosgenin-fed rats, whereas bile salt output remained at control levels. The kinetics of glutamic oxalacetic: transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase activities in bile showed a significantly faster release in control than in diosgenin-fed rats, After 30 min of hp travenous taurocholate infusion, necrotic hepatocytes were significantly increased in control animals.jlr Preservation of bile secretory functions and hepatocellular cytoprotection by diosgenin against the intravenous infusion of toxic doses of taurocholate was associated with an increased concentration of cholesterol and sphingomyelin in the canalicular membrane. The increase of biliary cholesterol output induced by diosgenin was correlated to the enhanced concentration of cholesterol in the canalicular membrane.
Hepatic overexpression of caveolins increases bile salt secretion in mice
(WILEY, 2003) Moreno, M; Molina, H; Amigo, L; Zanlungo, S; Arrese, M; Rigotti, A; Miquel, JF
Caveolins are cholesterol-binding proteins involved in the regulation of several intracellular processes, including cholesterol transport. Because hepatocytes express caveolin-1 and caveolin-2, these proteins might modulate hepatic lipid metabolism and biliary lipid secretion. Our aim was to investigate the potential physiologic role of caveolins in hepatic cholesterol and bile salt (BS) metabolism and transport using adenoviral gene transfer. C57BL/6 mice were infected with recombinant human caveolin-1 and caveolin-2 adenoviruses. Mice infected with adenovirus lacking the transgene were used as controls. Hepatic caveolin expression was evaluated by immunochemical methods. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunoblotting were used to assess messenger RNA (mRNA) levels and protein mass of BS transporters (sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide [Ntcp] and bile salt export pump [Bsep]). Serum, liver, biliary, and fecal biochemical determinations and BS maximal secretory rate (SRm) were performed by standard methods. Ad.Cav-1- and Ad.Cav-2-infected mice exhibited a 10- and 7-fold increase in hepatic caveolin-1 and caveolin-2 protein expression, respectively. Caveolin-1-overexpressing mice had a significant increase in plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and hepatic free cholesterol content, whereas total plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels remained unchanged. Hepatic caveolin-1 and/or caveolin-2 overexpression significantly increased bile flow and secretion of all biliary lipids. Caveolin-1-overexpressing mice showed a 2.5-fold increase in taurocholate (TC) SRm, indicating increased canalicular BS transport capacity. BS pool size and fecal BS excretion remained within the normal range in mice with Cav-1 overexpression. No changes were seen in the protein mass of BS transporters NtcP and Bsep. In conclusion, our findings indicate that caveolins may play an important role in regulating hepatic BS and cholesterol metabolism.
Hepatic overexpression of sterol carrier protein-2 inhibits VLDL production and reciprocally enhances biliary lipid secretion
(AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC, 2003) Amigo, L; Zanlungo, S; Miquel, JF; Glick, JM; Hyogo, H; Cohen, DE; Rigotti, A; Nervi, F
We examined in vivo a role for sterol carrier protein-2 (SCP-2) in the regulation of lipid secretion across the hepatic sinusoidal and canalicular membranes. Recombinant adenovirus Ad.rSCP2 was used to overexpress SCP-2 in livers of mice. We determined plasma, hepatic, and biliary lipid concentrations; hepatic fatty acid (FA) and cholesterol synthesis; hepatic and biliary phosphatidylcholine (PC) molecular species; and VLDL triglyceride production. In Ad.rSCP2 mice, there was marked inhibition of hepatic fatty acids and cholesterol synthesis to <62% of control mice. Hepatic triglyceride contents were decreased, while cholesterol and phospholipids concentrations were elevated in Ad.rSCP2 mice. Hepatic VLDL triglyceride production fell in Ad.rSCP2 mice to 39% of control values. As expected, biliary cholesterol, phospholipids, bile acids outputs, and biliary PC hydrophobic index were significantly increased in Ad.rSCP2 mice. These studies indicate that SCP-2 overexpression in the liver markedly inhibits lipid synthesis as well as VLDL production, and alters hepatic lipid contents. In contrast, SCP-2 increased biliary lipid secretion and the proportion of hydrophobic PC molecular species in bile. These effects suggest a key regulatory role for SCP-2 in hepatic lipid metabolism and the existence of a reciprocal relationship between the fluxes of lipids across the sinusoidal and canalicular membranes.
Identification of the RPS10 polypeptide encoded by the mitochondrial genome in Solanum tuberosum
(2000) Zanlungo, S; Quiñones, V; Holuigue, L; Jordana, X
We have previously reported the identification of a gene encoding ribosomal protein S10 (rps10) in the Solanum tuberosum mitochondrial genome and shown that its transcripts undergo processing in the form of splicing and editing. Specific antibodies were raised against recombinant potato RPS10 obtained in Escherichia call from the corresponding cDNA. Protein blot analysis revealed that the RPS10 polypeptide is present in potato mitochondria and is assembled into the mitochondrial ribosome. Potato rps10 mRNA translation may initiate at a genomic-encoded AUG codon, or at a downstream in-frame AUG codon which is created by RNA editing and coincides with liverwort and pea initiation codons. A peptide corresponding to the 19 amino acid sequence between both putative initiation codons was used to raise antibodies specific for the potato RPS10 N-terminal extension. These antibodies were able to recognise a polypeptide of 16 kDa in a potato mitochondrial fraction enriched in ribosomes. This molecular mass corresponds to that of the polypeptide detected with antibodies against recombinant RPS10 and is in agreement with the molecular weight calculated from the cDNA sequence. These results shelved that potato mitochondrial rps10 gene is expressed at the protein level and that translation initiates at the first genomic-encoded AUG codon. Potato RPS10 has an N-terminal extension of unknown function when compared to RPS10 from other organisms.
NPC2 is expressed in human and murine liver and secreted into bile: Potential implications for body cholesterol homeostasis
(WILEY, 2006) Klein, A; Amigo, L; Retamal, MJ; Morales, MG; Miquel, JF; Rigotti, A; Zanlungo, S
The liver plays a critical role in the metabolism of lipoprotein cholesterol and in controlling its elimination through the bile. Niemann-Pick type C 2 (NPC2), a cholesterol-binding protein, is key for normal intracellular trafficking of lipoprotein cholesterol, allowing its exit from the endolysosomal pathway into the metabolically active pool of the cell. In addition, NPC2 is a secretory protein from astrocytes and epididymal cells. Although NPC2 mRNA is detected in the liver, plasma and biliary NPC2 protein levels and function have not been reported. This study demonstrates that NPC2 is present in murine and human plasma and bile. In addition, hepatic NPC2 protein expression was dramatically increased in NPC1-deficient mice but not regulated by cholesterol feeding or pharmacological modulation of various nuclear receptors involved in cholesterol and bile acid metabolism. Interestingly, biliary NPC2 levels were 3-fold increased in gallstone-susceptible C57BL6/J versus gallstone-resistant BALB/c mice. Furthermore, NPC2 was exclusively found in the cholesterol pro-nucleating ConA-binding fraction of human bile. In conclusion, NPC2 is secreted from the liver into bile and plasma, where it may have a functional role in cholesterol transport in normal and disease conditions.
Relevance of Niemann-Pick type C1 protein expression in controlling plasma cholesterol and biliary lipid secretion in mice
(WILEY, 2002) Amigo, L; Mendoza, H; Castro, J; Quinones, V; Miquel, JF; Zanlungo, S
Receptor-mediated endocytosis is one of the major mechanisms for uptake of lipoprotein cholesterol in the liver. Because Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1) protein is a key component in the intracellular distribution of cholesterol obtained from lipoproteins by the endocytic pathway, it may play a critical role in controlling plasma lipoprotein cholesterol and its biliary secretion. A murine model of Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPC), the NPC1-deficient [NPC1 (- / -)] mouse, was used to evaluate the relevance of hepatic NPC1 expression in regulating plasma lipoprotein cholesterol profile and biliary lipid secretion under chow and high-cholesterol diets. Total plasma cholesterol concentrations were increased in NPC1 (- / -) mice compared with wild-type mice when both mouse strains were fed chow or high-cholesterol diets. The increased plasma cholesterol levels found in NPC1 (- / -) mice were mostly due to elevated cholesterol content in larger and more heterogeneous HDL particles. On the chow diet, biliary lipid secretion was not impaired by NPC1 deficiency. Furthermore, chow-fed NPC1 (- / -) mice showed a small, but significant, increase in biliary cholesterol secretion. On the high-cholesterol diet, wild-type mice increased biliary cholesterol output, whereas NPC1 (- / -) mice did not. Finally, hepatic NPCI overexpression by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer increased biliary cholesterol secretion by 100% to 150% in both wild-type mice and cholesterol-fed NPC1 (- / -) mice. In conclusion, hepatic NPC1 expression is an important factor for regulating plasma HDL cholesterol levels and biliary cholesterol secretion in mice.
Sterol carrier protein 2 gene transfer changes lipid metabolism and enterohepatic sterol circulation in mice
(W B SAUNDERS CO, 2000) Zanlungo, S; Amigo, L; Mendoza, H; Miquel, JF; Vio, C; Glick, JM; Rodriguez, A; Kozarsky, K; Quinones, V; Rigotti, A; Nervi, F
Background & Aims: Sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP-2) enhances sterol cycling and facilitates cholesterol translocation between intracellular organelles and plasma membrane in cultured cells, including hepatocytes. We examined the role of SCP-2 in hepatic cholesterol and lipid trafficking through the sinusoidal and canalicular secretory pathways of the liver in vivo. Methods: Recombinant adenovirus-mediated SCP-2 gene transfer was used to obtain hepatic overexpression of SCP-2 in C57BL/6 mice. Results: SCP-2 overexpression in the mouse liver resulted in an 8-fold increase of SCP-2 protein levels and determined various effects on lipid metabolism. It decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations. The expressions of hepatic LDL receptor, apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, apoB, and apoE were decreased. SCP-2 overexpression also increased hepatic cholesterol concentration, associated with decreased cholesterol neosynthesis. Increased biliary cholesterol and bile acid secretion, bile acid pool size, and intestinal cholesterol absorption were also observed. Conclusions: These results indicate that modulation of SCP-2 expression in the liver determines important modifications on lipoprotein metabolism, hepatic cholesterol synthesis and storage, biliary lipid secretion, bile acid metabolism and intestinal cholesterol absorption.
The rpl5-rps14-cob gene arrangement in Solanum tuberosum: rps14 is a transcribed and unedited pseudogene
(1996) Quinones, V; Zanlungo, S; Moenne, A; Gomez, I; Holuigue, L; Litvak, S; Jordana, X
The L5 ribosomal protein gene (rpl5) and a S14 ribosomal protein pseudogene were identified by sequence analysis in the potato mitochondrial genome. The two genes are separated by one nucleotide and are found upstream of the apocytochrome b gene (cob), an arrangement conserved also in Arabidopsis and Brassica. The rpl5 gene has an intact open reading frame while the rps14 locus is disrupted by a five nucleotide duplication that introduces a frameshift in the reading frame. Editing of rpl5 and pseudorps14 cotranscripts has been studied by cDNA sequence analysis. Eight C residues are edited into U in the rpl5 coding region, resulting in eight amino acid changes that increase the homology between potato and other RPL5 polypeptides. Interestingly, the rps14 pseudogene sequence is not edited at any nucleotide position.
Transfer of the mitochondrial rps10 gene to the nucleus in rice
(2000) Kubo, N; Jordana, X; Ozawa, K; Zanlungo, S; Harada, K; Sasaki, T; Kadowaki, K
Mitochondrial ribosomal protein S10 (rps10) is encoded by the mitochondrial genome in potato and pea. Here we show that the rps10 gene is absent from the mitochondrial genome of rice and has been transferred to the nucleus. Cloning and transcriptional analysis show that there are two rps10 genes in the rice nuclear genome and that their transcripts differ in abundance. Western analysis detected the RPS10 protein in the soluble fraction of rice mitochondrial although neither RPS10 has any obvious N-terminal presequence for targeting to mitochondria. This result suggests that targeting information is present in the internal region of rice RPS10. Genomic sequence analysis indicated that each rps10 gene has an intron in the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) and that these intron sequences are homologous to each other. This result strongly suggests that a duplication event occurred after transfer of the rps10 gene to the nucleus. The duplicated rps10 genes have since been translocated to different chromosomes, because the two rps10 genes were mapped on chromosomes 6 and 12 by RFLP analysis. Interestingly, the 5' UTR and the intron of the rice rps10 genes are homologous to sequences found in several rice genes with various functions, such as osk4, EF-1 beta 2 and RAG1, suggesting a common origin and a functional role for the 5' UTR. Acquisition of the 5' flanking region-might have accelerated the activation of the mitochondrial rps10 gene which was transferred to the nuclear genome.

Browsing by Author "Zanlungo, S"

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