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Diversidad biológica y funcional del suelo bajo sistemas frutícolas en la Zona Mediterránea de Chile Central
(2025) Bastidas Mendez, Brynelly Mercedes; Arellano Ogaz, Eduardo Carlos; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Agronomía y Sistemas Naturales
Agricultural intensification in fruit orchards of Central Chile’s Mediterranean zone poses significant challenges to soil health and agroecosystem sustainability. This dissertation evaluated the effects of a management intensity gradient (low, moderate, high) on the diversity and functionality of nematode, bacterial, and fungal communities in soils cultivated with cherries and grapes. Indicators of soil food web structure and ecosystem services were analyzed. High-intensity management resulted in reduced nematode functional diversity and simplified trophic networks, potentially affecting pest suppression and nutrient mineralization. Soil organic matter and macroaggregates were key variables influencing community composition. At the microbial level, intensification decreased bacterial diversity and respiration activity, while co-occurrence network analysis revealed lower complexity in highly managed soils. The findings demonstrate that soil organisms are highly responsive to agricultural practices and highlight the need to adopt sustainable management strategies to preserve soil functionality and ensure the resilience of fruit production systems.