Publicaciones académicas
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Esta colección incluye artículos de profesores de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, publicados en revistas nacionales y extranjeras.
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Browsing Publicaciones académicas by browse.metadata.categoriaods "01 Fin de la pobreza"
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- ItemA cohort analysis of the income distribution in Chile(2011) Sapelli, Claudio
- ItemA defence of participation income(2016) Pérez Muñoz, Cristian
- ItemA Dynamic Model of Entrepreneurial Uncertainty and Business Opportunity Identification: Exploration as a Mediator and Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy as a Moderator(2018) Schmitt, Antje; Rosing, Kathrin; Zhang, Stephen X.; Leatherbee Grant, Michael Gerald
- ItemA methodology for integrated critical spare parts and insurance management(2016) Martínez, A.; Pascual, R.; Maturana Valderrama, Sergio
- ItemA population-based retrospective cohort study of end-of-life emergency department visits by people with dementia: multilevel modelling of individual- and service-level factors using linked data(2023) Williamson, Lesley E.; Leniz, Javiera; Chukwusa, Emeka; Evans, Catherine J.; Sleeman, Katherine E.Background: emergency department (ED) visits have inherent risks for people with dementia yet increase towards the end-of-life. Although some individual-level determinants of ED visits have been identified, little is known about service-level determinants. Objective: to examine individual- and service-level factors associated with ED visits by people with dementia in the last year of life. Methods: retrospective cohort study using hospital administrative and mortality data at the individual-level, linked to health and social care service data at the area-level across England. The primary outcome was number of ED visits in the last year of life. Subjects were decedents with dementia recorded on the death certificate, with at least one hospital contact in the last 3 years of life. Results: of 74,486 decedents (60.5% women; mean age 87.1 years (standard deviation: 7.1)), 82.6% had at least one ED visit in their last year of life. Factors associated with more ED visits included: South Asian ethnicity (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.13), chronic respiratory disease as the underlying cause of death (IRR 1.17, 95% CI 1.14–1.20) and urban residence (IRR 1.06, 95% CI 1.04–1.08). Higher socioeconomic position (IRR 0.92, 95% CI 0.90–0.94) and areas with higher numbers of nursing home beds (IRR 0.85, 95% CI 0.78–0.93)—but not residential home beds—were associated with fewer ED visits at the end-of-life. Conclusions: the value of nursing home care in supporting people dying with dementia to stay in their preferred place of care must be recognised, and investment in nursing home bed capacity prioritised
- ItemA review of Payment for Ecosystem Services for the economic internalization of environmental externalities : a water perspective(2016) Bellver Domingo, A.; Hernández Sancho, F.; Molinos Senante, María
- ItemA Two-Level Theory of Presidential Instability(CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 2014) Luna, Juan Pablo; Murillo, Maria Victoria; Schrank, AndrewThis article analyzes the conditions that facilitate the ousting of Latin American presidents and the mechanisms that prevent their downfall. Drawing lessons from the impeachment of Paraguayan president Fernando Lugo, it extends previous arguments about the "legislative shield" to show that the same forces that sometimes conspire to terminate an administration at other times work to resist its demise. The argument underscores the interaction between legislators and social movements, two prominent actors in the literature on presidential instability. The article presents a two-level theory to identify possible configurations of mass and legislative alignments, and tests some implications of the theory with data for 116 Latin American presidents over 28 years. Multiple comparison tests based on random effects logistic models show that popular protests can be neutralized by strong support in Congress, and hint at the possibility that legislative threats can be neutralized by loyal demonstrators in the streets.
- ItemA “landscapes of power” framework for historical political ecology: The production of cultural hegemony in Araucanía-Wallmapu(2020) Escalona Ulloa, Miguel; Barton, Jonathan R.; CEDEUS (Chile)The region of Araucania, since its incorporation into the Republic of Chile, has been subject to significant territorial transformations. The Chilean State, supported by economic elites, the political class, and intellectuals have all contributed to the discursive positioning of, and the creation of artefacts in, this regional space. These devices for mobilising power have enabled an appropriation of nature – through natural resource exploitation – and an appropriation of land rights through property titles. The occupation of Araucania from the end of the 19th century was achieved principally through the artefacts of larger settlement consolidation, the railway network, and the building of roads. These were designed and imposed from Santiago through political and administrative channels based on an internal colonialism logic. Conflicts with indigenous Mapuche in Wallmapu (the Mapudungun name for their territory) arose as a consequence of asymmetries of power and this appropriation of space, including expulsion from their land, deforestation, increasing poverty due to restricted access to traditional resources, and epistemic violence through specific constructions of development and the subalterning of indigenous “others.” This historical political ecology not only reveals the expanding frontiers of extractivism and processes of accumulation in favour of national political and economic elites, but more importantly shows how the construction of cultural landscapes became a device for exercising power and justifying appropriation in pursuit of modernity, progress, and development. These landscapes of power evolved over time as different demands were placed on this territory: first as a wheat bowl, and second as forestry plantation. A “landscapes of power” framework is presented in order to work through these constructions of landscape, building on phenomenological and dwelling perspectives in order to focus on the role of cultural hegemony and power relations. The information, practices and views in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the Royal Geographical Society (with IBG).
- ItemAcceso a la justicia: Una revisión conceptual de sus componentes(Onati International Institute for the Sociology of Law, 2022) Carvacho Traverso Pablo Antonio; Arriagada Isabel; Cofré Leonardo© 2022, Onati International Institute for the Sociology of Law. All rights reserved.Studies on access to justice use conceptual categories such as judiciable problems, legal needs, and courses of action. This study analyzes current standards in empirical studies on Access to justice and offers a dynamic, centered in people’s autonomy and comprehensive perspective of these concepts. It proposes that judiciable problems should be understood in a dynamic way and introduces the concepts of linked problems, clusters of problems, superproblems and secondary problems. It also distinguishes between the components of knowledge, will and economic resources in the configuration of instrumental, systemic and substantive legal needs. Finally, it offers a dynamic definition of the trajectories of access to justice in contrast to the idea of exclusive and independent stages. The dynamic, autonomic and comprehensive understanding of access to justice strengthens the analysis of access to justice in action.
- ItemAccess to healthcare for deaf people: a model from a middle-income country in Latin America(2020) Fuentes López, Eduardo; Fuente, A
- ItemAccurate control of a Bose-Einstein condensate by managing the atomic interaction(2010) Morales Molina, Luis Yansi
- ItemAdaptive capacity as local sustainable development: contextualizing and comparing risks and resilience in two chilean regions(MDPI, 2021) Barton, Jonathan Richard; Gutiérrez-Antinopai, Felipe Aníbal; Escalona Ulloa, Miguel; CEDEUS (Chile); Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Instituto de GeografíaRegional resilience refers to an immanent condition for facing multiple risks on a permanent basis, both episodic and incremental. These risks are not only linked to natural disasters and climate change, but also to poverty and inequality of access to services such as health, and personal safety. This article considers the underlying conditions that shape regional resilience in Chile, based on inter-regional and intra-regional comparisons in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago and the Region of Araucanía. Instead of viewing resilience in terms of an ability to counter a single risk, the article highlights the fact that risks are multiple and overlapping over time and generated at different scales. Municipal level data on poverty, health, and public finances in the two regions reveal the contrasting underlying inequalities that point to regional mosaics of resilience rather than homogeneity. Different threats are superposed on these preexisting conditions of resilience. The article refers to three in particular: the 2010 Chilean earthquake (episodic); climate change (episodic and incremental); and the Covid-19 pandemic (episodic). The findings point to high levels of urban versus rural differentiation, and also high differentiation within the Santiago Metropolitan Area based on socio-economic conditions. This regional mosaic of underlying structural conditions suggests that regional resilience can be enhanced by engaging with structural socio-spatial inequalities rather than a focus on managing risks via siloed, threat-by-threat responses.
- ItemAdulthood employment trajectories and later life mental health before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic(MDPI, 2022) Cabib Madero, Ignacio Andrés; Budnevich Portales, Carlos; Azar Denecken, Ariel RicardoBackground: This life course study has two aims. First, to explore how diverse employment trajectories across adulthood are related to older people's mental health in Chile, a country with no research in this field, and second, to analyze these associations before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We use data from the nationally-representative and longitudinal 'Chilean Social Protection Survey' sequence analysis to reconstruct employment trajectory types, and bivariate and multivariate analyses to measure their association with depressive symptoms. Results: Our findings indicate that formal labor force patterns in adulthood show the lowest burden of depressive symptomology before and after the onset of the overwhelming COVID-19 pandemic when controlling for traditional risk factors. Conclusion: We emphasize that policymakers in both the labor market and public health domains must consider the relationship between informal employment pathways in adulthood and poorer mental health in old age. Public policies should improve the conditions and quality of jobs during adulthood and promote more formalization in the labor market to address the high uncertainty involving low social protection, which is strongly associated with severe mental health problems in later life.
- ItemAdvantages and disadvantages across the life course and health status in old age among women in Chile(2019) Madero Cabib, Ignacio; Azar Denecken, Ariel Ricardo; Pérez Cruz, Pedro
- ItemAesthetic-theological foundations of popular piety Fondecyt Project Initiation 11170285(PONTIFICIA UNIV CATOLICA CHILE, FACULTAD TEOLOGIA, 2018) Xamist, Federico José
- ItemAgricultural sciences in Chile: Institutions, human resources, investment and scientific productivity(Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA, 2021) Del Pozo A.; Engler A.; Engler A.; Meza F.; Meza F.© 2021, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA. All rights reserved.Agricultural science in Chile began in 1881 with the establishment of the Agronomic Station of the National Society of Agriculture (SNA). In this article we described the history and evolution of research and development (R+D) and human capital training in this field. The main research institution, in terms of territory coverage and human resources, is the Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), along with five regional research centers, specialized in different aspect of agricultural science, and 20 schools of agriculture and 11 doctoral programs associated to different universities. Public investment in agricultural R+D is provided by the Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Economy and Regional Governments, reaching around US$200 million in the last decade. The number of researchers in agricultural science is ~ 40 per million of inhabitants (~ 800 in total). An average of 140 projects per year are financed in agriculture R+D by different funding agencies. The scientific productivity was estimated in ~ 0.45 articles (Scopus) per researcher. It is concluded that, although significant progress has been made the last decades, there is still a reduced number of researchers and insufficient investment to face urgent challenges of the agricultural sector in Chile.
- ItemAir Quality in Latin American Buildings(2023) Molina Carvallo, Constanza Del Pilar; Benjamin Jones; Giobertti Morantes
- ItemAll that glitters is not gold: a ranking of global rankings(2020) Díaz, E.; Valdés, Rodrigo O.
- ItemAnálisis de la diversidad en programas de formación inicial docente de pedagogía básica(2023) Millán La Rivera, Cecilia; González García, Gustavo; López Barraza, Andrea; Vizcarra Rebolledo, Hilda Ruby; Reyes Ochoa, LuisEsta investigación se sitúa en el contexto de las profundas desigualdades que existen en Chile, las que afectan principalmente a los grupos clasificados como diversos: mujeres, pueblos originarios, disidencias sexuales, condición de pobreza, migrantes, entre otros. En este contexto interesó conocer de qué manera la formación inicial docente contribuye a través de la mención de estos grupos en los programas de curso a la perpetuación de esta realidad. Este es un estudio cualitativo en el que se revisaron todos los programas de curso (298) de la carrera de Pedagogía en Educación Básica de seis universidades chilenas, seleccionando aquellos que mencionan la palabra ‘diversidad’ o algún grupo asociado a ella. De esa totalidad, se analizó los grupos asociados a diversidad que se mencionan y la finalidad con la que se nombran. Se concluye que los grupos diversos se mencionan de manera acotada y en pocos cursos, encontrándose solo en 46. El único grupo presente en todas las instituciones es el de Necesidades Educativas Especiales (NEE). Por último, frente a la diversidad de género, pueblos originarios, clase social, migrantes y diversidad sexual, predomina su valoración positiva, sin considerar sus tensiones, conflictos, discriminaciones y la desigualdad que viven.
- ItemAnalysing the impacts of PES programmes beyond economic rationale: Perceptions of ecosystem services provision associated to the Mexican case(2018) Arriagada Cisternas, Rodrigo; Villasenor López, Luis Adrian; Rubiano, Eliana; Cotacachi, David; Morrison, Judith