Publicaciones académicas
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Esta colección incluye artículos de profesores de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, publicados en revistas nacionales y extranjeras.
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Browsing Publicaciones académicas by browse.metadata.categoriaods "11 Ciudades y comunidades sostenibles"
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- Item19(th) Century Urban Mapocho(PONTIFICIA UNIV CATOLICA CHILE, ESCUELA ARQUITECTURA, 2009) Castillo, SimonHistory is one of the factors that form a city. With respect to the relationship between Santiago and the Mapocho River throughout the 19(th) century, this fact becomes crucial. The relationships between the northern and southern riversides and the city, and between the junctions and the east-west river beds, bring the social, political, and urban problems to light.
- Item3-D stress intensity factors for arrays of inner radial lunular or crescentic cracks in a typical spherical pressure vessel(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2010) Perl, M.; Bernshtein, V.Many spherical pressure vessels are manufactured by methods such as the integrated hydro-bulge forming (IHBF) method, where the sphere is composed of a series of double curved petals welded along their meridional lines. Such vessels are susceptible to multiple radial cracking along the welds. For fatigue life assessment and fracture endurance of such vessels one needs to evaluate the stress intensity factors (SIFs) distribution along the fronts of these cracks. However, to date, only two 3-D solutions for the SIF for one inner semi-elliptical crack in thin or thick spheres are available, as well as 2-D SIFs for one through-the-thickness crack in thin spherical shells. In the present paper, mode I SIF distributions for a wide range of lunular and crescentic cracks are evaluated. The 3-D analysis is performed, via the FE method employing singular elements along the crack front, for a typical spherical pressure vessel with outer to inner radius ratios of eta = R-o/R-i = 1.1. SIFs are evaluated for arrays containing n = 1-20 cracks: for a wide range of crack depth to wall thickness ratio, a/t, from 0.025 to 0.95: and for various ellipticities of the crack, i.e., the ratio of crack depth to semi crack length, a/c, from 0.2 to 1.5. The obtained results clearly indicate that the SIFs are considerably affected by the three-dimensionality of the problem, and the following parameters: the number of cracks in the array-n, the relative crack depth a/t, and the crack ellipticity a/c. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Item3D Mapping of the Sprinkler Activation Time(2020) Wegrzynski, W.; Krajewski, G.; Tofilo, P.; Jahn von Arnswaldt, Wolfram Michael; Krol, A.; Krol, M.
- Item3D multiple sound source localization by proposed cuboids nested microphone array in combination with adaptive wavelet-based subband GEVD(2020) Firoozabadi, A. D.; Irarrázaval Mena, Pablo; Adasme, P.; Zabala Blanco, D.; Palacios Jativa, P.; Azurdia Meza, C.
- ItemA 3D FEM methodology for simulating the impact in rock-drilling hammers(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2008) Chiang, Luciano E.; Elias, Dante A.A three-dimensional (3D)finite element approach for modeling impact as it occurs in impact tools used in rock drilling is presented. The model permits one to simulate the energy transmission to the rock, the bit-rock interaction, and the process of rock fragmentation, all of which are important in the study and evaluation of such tools. The finite elements method (FEM) analysis allows one to simulate the impact in 3D stress-strain problems, to consider linear material properties, and to include post failure fracture propagation. Anisotropic elements have been used to model the rock post failure behavior. Infinite domain elements have been used to characterize boundary conditions far away from bit-rock interaction. The accuracy of the model has been evaluated both theoretically by comparing the result to those obtained with a model based on impulse-momentum principle as well as experimentally. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
- ItemA bidirectional and homogeneous tuned mass damper: A new device for passive control of vibrations(Elsevier Sci. Ltd., 2007) Almazan, Jose L.; Llera Martin, Juan Carlos de la; Inaudi, Jose A.; Lopez Garcia, Diego; Izquierdo, Luis E.Passive tuned-mass dampers (TMDs) are a very efficient solution for the control of vibrations in structures subjected to long-duration, narrow-band excitations. In this study, a Bidirectional and Homogeneous Tuned Mass Damper (BH-TMD) is proposed. The pendular mass is supported by cables and linked to a unidirectional friction damper with its axis perpendicular to the direction of motion. Some advantages of the proposed BH-TMD are: (1) its bidirectional nature that allows control of vibrations in both principal directions; (2) the capacity to tune the device in each principal direction independently; (3) its energy dissipation capacity that is proportional to the square of the displacement amplitude, (4) its low maintenance cost. Numerical results show that, under either unidirectional or bidirectional seismic excitations, the level of response reduction achieved by the proposed BH-TMD is similar to that obtained from an "ideal" linear viscous device. Moreover, experimental shaking table tests performed using a scaled BH-TMD model confirm that the proposed device is homogeneous, and, hence, its equivalent oscillation period and damping ratio are independent of the motion amplitude. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
- ItemA branch and cut algorithm for the hierarchical network design problem(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2010) Obreque, Carlos; Donoso, Macarena; Gutierrez, Gabriel; Marianov, VladimirThe Hierarchical Network Design Problem consists of locating a minimum cost bi-level network on a graph. The higher level sub-network is a path visiting two or more nodes. The lower level sub-network is a forest connecting the remaining nodes to the path. We optimally solve the problem using an ad hoc branch and cut procedure. Relaxed versions of a base model are solved using an optimization package and, if binary variables have fractional values or if some of the relaxed constraints are violated in the solution, cutting planes are added. Once no more cuts can be added. branch and bound is used. The method for finding valid cutting planes is presented. Finally, we use different available test instances to compare the procedure with the best known published optimal procedure, with good results. In none of the instances we needed to apply branch and bound, but only the cutting planes. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- ItemA branch-and-price algorithm for the Vehicle Routing Problem with Deliveries, Selective Pickups and Time Windows(ELSEVIER, 2010) Gutierrez Jarpa, Gabriel; Desaulniers, Guy; Laporte, Gilbert; Marianov, VladimirIn the Vehicle Routing Problem with Deliveries, Selective Pickups and Time Windows, the set of customers is the union of delivery customers and pickup customers. A fleet of identical capacitated vehicles based at the depot must perform all deliveries and profitable pickups while respecting time windows. The objective is to minimize routing costs, minus the revenue associated with the pickups. Five variants of the problem are considered according to the order imposed on deliveries and pickups. An exact branch-and-price algorithm is developed for the problem. Computational results are reported for instances containing up to 100 customers. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- ItemA bumpy ride: structural inequalities, quality standards, and institutional limitations affecting cycling infrastructure(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Tiznado-Aitken, Ignacio; Mora Vega, Rodrigo; Oyarzun, Gabriel; Vergara, Jaime; Vecchio, Giovanni; CEDEUS (Chile)Structural socio-economic and institutional limitations can affect the implementation of cycling infrastructure. More stringent cycling infrastructure standards aiming to solve deficiencies might exacerbate disparities, especially in poor districts with fragmentary governance. Using an audit and quantitative and spatial analysis of cycleways, this paper examines to what extent structural inequalities and governance issues affect the availability and quality of cycling infrastructure, considering new indicative and normative standards aiming at improving cycling infrastructure in Santiago, Chile. Our results show that the distribution of cycleways is unequal and only partially complies with national quality standards. All districts in the city have both high and low standard bicycle lanes, but since district finances have huge differences, this can lead to inequalities in cycle coverage and districts' capabilities to address current standard problems. This raises relevant challenges regarding governance and how to ensure an equitable distribution of cycling infrastructure in Global South cities.
- ItemA comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010(ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 2012) Lim, Stephen S.; Vos, Theo; Flaxman, Abraham D.; Danaei, Goodarz; Shibuya, Kenji; Adair Rohani, Heather; Amann, Markus; Anderson, H. Ross; Andrews, Kathryn G.; Aryee, Martin; Atkinson, Charles; Bacchus, Loraine J.; Bahalim, Adil N.; Balakrishnan, Kalpana; Balmes, John; Barker Collo, Suzanne; Baxter, Amanda; Bell, Michelle L.; Blore, Jed D.; Blyth, Fiona; Bonner, Carissa; Borges, Guilherme; Bourne, Rupert; Boussinesq, Michel; Brauer, Michael; Brooks, Peter; Bruce, Nigel G.; Brunekreef, Bert; Bryan Hancock, Claire; Bucello, Chiara; Buchbinder, Rachelle; Bull, Fiona; Burnett, Richard T.; Byers, Tim E.; Calabria, Bianca; Carapetis, Jonathan; Carnahan, Emily; Chafe, Zoe; Charlson, Fiona; Chen, Honglei; Chen, Jian Shen; Cheng, Andrew Tai Ann; Child, Jennifer Christine; Cohen, Aaron; Colson, K. Ellicott; Cowie, Benjamin C.; Darby, Sarah; Darling, Susan; Davis, Adrian; Degenhardt, Louisa; Dentener, Frank; Des Jarlais, Don C.; Devries, Karen; Dherani, Mukesh; Ding, Eric L.; Dorsey, E. Ray; Driscoll, Tim; Edmond, Karen; Ali, Suad Eltahir; Engell, Rebecca E.; Erwin, Patricia J.; Fahimi, Saman; Falder, Gail; Farzadfar, Farshad; Ferrari, Alize; Finucane, Mariel M.; Flaxman, Seth; Fowkes, Francis Gerry R.; Freedman, Greg; Freeman, Michael K.; Gakidou, Emmanuela; Ghosh, Santu; Giovannucci, Edward; Gmel, Gerhard; Graham, Kathryn; Grainger, Rebecca; Grant, Bridget; Gunnell, David; Gutierrez, Hialy R.; Hall, Wayne; Hoek, Hans W.; Hogan, Anthony; Hosgood, H. Dean, III; Hoy, Damian; Hu, Howard; Hubbell, Bryan J.; Hutchings, Sally J.; Ibeanusi, Sydney E.; Jacklyn, Gemma L.; Jasrasaria, Rashmi; Jonas, Jost B.; Kan, Haidong; Kanis, John A.; Kassebaum, Nicholas; Kawakami, Norito; Khang, Young Ho; Khatibzadeh, Shahab; Khoo, Jon Paul; Kok, Cindy; Laden, Francine; Lalloo, Ratilal; Lan, Qing; Lathlean, Tim; Leasher, Janet L.; Leigh, James; Li, Yang; Lin, John Kent; Lipshultz, Steven E.; London, Stephanie; Lozano, Rafael; Lu, Yuan; Mak, Joelle; Malekzadeh, Reza; Mallinger, Leslie; Marcenes, Wagner; March, Lyn; Marks, Robin; Martin, Randall; McGale, Paul; McGrath, John; Mehta, Sumi; Mensah, George A.; Merriman, Tony R.; Micha, Renata; Michaud, Catherine; Mishra, Vinod; Hanafiah, Khayriyyah Mohd; Mokdad, Ali A.; Morawska, Lidia; Mozaffarian, Dariush; Murphy, Tasha; Naghavi, Mohsen; Neal, Bruce; Nelson, Paul K.; Miquel Nolla, Joan; Norman, Rosana; Olives, Casey; Omer, Saad B.; Orchard, Jessica; Osborne, Richard; Ostro, Bart; Page, Andrew; Pandey, Kiran D.; Parry, Charles D. H.; Passmore, Erin; Patra, Jayadeep; Pearce, Neil; Pelizzari, Pamela M.; Petzold, Max; Phillips, Michael R.; Pope, Dan; Pope, C. Arden, III; Powles, John; Rao, Mayuree; Razavi, Homie; Rehfuess, Eva A.; Rehm, Juergen T.; Ritz, Beate; Rivara, Frederick P.; Roberts, Thomas; Robinson, Carolyn; Rodriguez Portales, Jose A.; Romieu, Isabelle; Room, Robin; Rosenfeld, Lisa C.; Roy, Ananya; Rushton, Lesley; Salomon, Joshua A.; Sampson, Uchechukwu; Sanchez Riera, Lidia; Sanman, Ella; Sapkota, Amir; Seedat, Soraya; Shi, Peilin; Shield, Kevin; Shivakoti, Rupak; Singh, Gitanjali M.; Sleet, David A.; Smith, Emma; Smith, Kirk R.; Stapelberg, Nicolas J. C.; Steenland, Kyle; Stoeckl, Heidi; Stovner, Lars Jacob; Straif, Kurt; Straney, Lahn; Thurston, George D.; Tran, Jimmy H.; Van Dingenen, Rita; van Donkelaar, Aaron; Veerman, J. Lennert; Vijayakumar, Lakshmi; Weintraub, Robert; Weissman, Myrna M.; White, Richard A.; Whiteford, Harvey; Wiersma, Steven T.; Wilkinson, James D.; Williams, Hywel C.; Williams, Warwick; Wilson, Nicholas; Woolf, Anthony D.; Yip, Paul; Zielinski, Jan M.; Lopez, Alan D.; Murray, Christopher J. L.; Ezzati, MajidBackground Quantification of the disease burden caused by different risks informs prevention by providing an account of health loss different to that provided by a disease-by-disease analysis. No complete revision of global disease burden caused by risk factors has been done since a comparative risk assessment in 2000, and no previous analysis has assessed changes in burden attributable to risk factors over time.
- ItemA comparative study of concentrated plasticity models in dynamic analysis of building structures(Wiley, 2005) Dides, MA; Llera Martin, Juan Carlos de laConcentrated plasticity (CP) models are frequently used in static and dynamic building analysis and have been implemented in available commercial software. This investigation deals with three different CP-models, a simplified macroelement model (SEM) for a complete building story, a frame element with elasto-plastic interaction hinges (PH), and a frame element with fiber hinges (FB). The objectives of this work are to evaluate the quality of the earthquake responses predicted by these models and to identify important aspects of their implementation and limitations for their use in dynamic analysis. The three elements are tested in a single-story asymmetric plan building and in a three-story steel building. Results show that base shear and global response values are usually computed with better accuracy than interstory deformations and local responses. Besides, the main limitation of elasto-plastic CP models is to control the displacement offsets that result from perfect elasto-plastic behavior. On the other hand, calibration of the SEM-model shows that global responses in steel structures may be computed within 20% error in the mean at a computational cost two orders of magnitude smaller than that of the other CP elements considered. However, the three element models considered lead to increasing levels of accuracy in the dynamic response and their use depends on the refinement of the analysis performed. Copyright (C) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- ItemA comparison of Bayesian prediction techniques for mobile robot trajectory tracking(CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 2008) Peralta Cabezas, J. L.; Torres Torriti, M.; Guarini Hermann, M.This paper presents a performance comparison of different estimation and prediction techniques applied to the problem of tracking multiple robots. The main performance criteria are the magnitude of the estimation or prediction error, the computational effort and the robustness of each method to non-Gaussian noise. Among the different techniques compared are the well-known Kalman filters and their different variants (e.g. extended and unscented), and the more recent techniques relying on Sequential Monte Carlo Sampling methods, such as particle filters and Gaussian Mixture Sigma Point Particle Filter.
- ItemA computational workflow for rupture-to-structural-response simulation and its application to Istanbul(2021) Zhang, W. Y.; Restrepo, D.; Crempien de la Carrera, Jorge; Erkmen, B.; Taborda, R.; Kurtulus, A.; Taciroglu, E.
- ItemA consolidated model of trip distribution(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2010) de Grange, Louis; Fernandez, Enrique; de Cea, JoaquinThis work analyzes and compares various trip distribution models with spatial aggregation within a common theoretical framework for formulating and solving multi-objective optimization problems. A new model is designed that incorporates the main characteristics of existing ones. These models are then calibrated with a single database at different spatial aggregation levels using maximum likelihood. The results show that with aggregated data the various models differ little, but with disaggregated data the differences are considerable. It is also demonstrated that changing the level of data aggregation can significantly alter the models' parameter values. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
- ItemA diagrammatic analysis of the market for cruising taxis(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2006) Fernandez L., J. Enrique; De Cea Ch, Joaquin; Briones M., JulioA diagrammatic approach is used to study the characteristics of the cruising taxi market. For cost modeling, both taxi operator and passenger are taken as service producers. The former provides his vehicle operation and the latter, his waiting and travel time. Market demand is defined as a function of generalized price. It is shown that under short and long run conditions a unique equilibrium exists for a deregulated industry and it corresponds to a monopolistic competition. The relations among the free market equilibrium, social optimum and second best solution are analyzed. Regulations are studied in order to find their social convenience. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
- ItemA DPG method for shallow shells(SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2022) Fuhrer, Thomas; Heuer, Norbert; Niemi, Antti H.We develop and analyze a discontinuous Petrov-Galerkin method with optimal test functions (DPG method) for a shallow shell model of Koiter type. It is based on a uniformly stable ultraweak formulation and thus converges robustly quasi-uniformly. Numerical experiments for various cases, including the Scordelis-Lo cylindrical roof, elliptic and hyperbolic geometries, illustrate its performance. The built-in DPG error estimator gives rise to adaptive mesh refinements that are capable to resolve boundary and interior layers. The membrane locking is dealt with by raising the polynomial degree only of the tangential displacement trace variable.
- ItemA fuel distribution knowledge-based decision support system(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 1997) Nussbaum, M; Sepulveda, M; Cobian, A; Gaete, J; Parra, E; Cruz, JThis paper reports the experience of solving the distribution problem for the biggest fuel company in Chile, A planning, execution and control system for fuel distribution was developed, It employs a knowledge-based approach that utilizes a graphical user interface which mimics the mental model of the user, An automatic scheduler solves the Capacity Vehicle Routing Problem, The solution ran be manually modified so verifying system consistency. The system is running throughout the country, 13 sites, having a positive impact on the three types of player, Plant managers have increased fleet efficiency and customers receive a higher quality service, Finally, the central administration obtains a report once a month from each of the plants that allows the strong and weak aspects of each site to be analyzed. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.
- ItemA ground-level ozone forecasting model for Santiago, Chile(WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2002) Jorquera, H; Palma, W; Tapia, JA physically based model for ground-level ozone forecasting is evaluated for Santiago, Chile. The model predicts the daily peak ozone concentration, with the daily rise of air temperature as input variable; weekends and rainy days appear as interventions. This model was used to analyse historical data, using the Linear Transfer Function/Finite Impulse Response (LTF/FIR) formalism; the Simultaneous Transfer Function (STF) method was used to analyse several monitoring stations together. Model evaluation showed a good forecasting performance across stations-for low and high ozone impacts-with power of detection (POD) values between 70 and 100%, Heidke's Skill Scores between 40% and 70% and low false alarm rates (FAR). The model consistently outperforms a pure persistence forecast. Model performance was not sensitive to different implementation options. The model performance degrades for two- and three-days ahead forecast, but is still acceptable for the purpose of developing an environmental warning system at Santiago. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.
- ItemA hundred new eclipsing binary system candidates studied in a near-infrared window in the VVV survey(2020) Gramajo, L. V.; Palma, T.; Minniti, D.; Saito, R. K.; Claria, J. J.; Kammers, R.; Surot Madrid, Francisco Ricardo
- ItemA macro-element model for inelastic building analysis(2000) Llera Martin, Juan Carlos de la; Vásquez P., Jorge; Chopra, Anil K.; Almazán Campillay, José LuisA three-dimensional model for approximate inelastic analysis of buildings is presented herein. The model is based on a single macro-element per building storey. The inelastic properties of the model are characterized by the so-called ultimate storey shear and torque (USST) surfaces. Different algorithms for the construction of these surfaces, as well as their applications in building modelling, are presented and discussed. Two alternative procedures are developed to integrate the force-deformation constitutive relationship of the macroelements. The first one follows the exact trajectory of the load path of the structure on the USST, and the second uses linear programming without ever forming the USST surface. The accuracy of the model and integration procedure is evaluated by means of the earthquake response of single-storey systems. The model and integration procedure developed is finally used to compute the inelastic response of a seven-storey R/C building. The results of this investigation show that the model proposed, although approximate, can be effective in estimating the inelastic deformation demand of a building. It also enables the engineer to capture and interpret important features of the three-dimensional inelastic response of a structure even before performing any inelastic dynamic analysis. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.