CEDEUS

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Browsing CEDEUS by browse.metadata.categoriaods "07 Energía asequible y no contaminante"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 29
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    A long panel survey to elicit variation in preferences and attitudes in the choice of electric vehicles
    (2014) Jensen, A.; Cherchi, E.; Ortúzar Salas, Juan de Dios; CEDEUS (Chile)
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    An integrated thermal and lighting simulation tool to support the design process of complex fenestration systems for office buildings
    (2017) Bustamante Gómez, Waldo; Uribe, Daniel; Vera Araya, Sergio Eduardo; Molina, Germán; CEDEUS (Chile)
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    Assessment of the Effect of Phase Change Material (PCM) Glazing on the Energy Consumption and Indoor Comfort of an Office in a Semiarid Climate
    (2021) Uribe, Daniel ; Vera, Sergio ; CEDEUS (Chile)
    Office buildings are usually characterized by low thermal inertia, which could cause underperformance in terms of energy consumption. Moreover, the use of large, glazed facades in office buildings can cause thermal and visual discomfort due to high solar heat gains and excessive daylight transmitted into the office space. Phase Change Materials (PCMs) integrated into glazing have arisen as an innovative strategy to increase thermal inertia and improve office buildings' energy performance and indoor comfort at a low cost. This paper aims to analyze the impact of PCM glazing on buildings' energy performance and occupants' thermal and visual comfort. The analysis is performed through a one-year real-scale experiment in two offices in Santiago, Chile, with an east-oriented facade and a window-to-wall ratio (WWR) of 56%. The results are analyzed on two timescales: seasonally and daily. Representative days in each season were selected to carry out the analysis. Regarding the energy consumption of the HVAC system, PCM glazing reduces energy consumption during summer and mid-seasons and significantly reduces the peak loads in summer. A meaningful improvement in thermal comfort is achieved due to the control of the mean radiant temperature for the whole year. Considering visual comfort, there is an improvement in the luminance distribution in winter and mid-season cold conditions.
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    Constructal design of salt-gradient solar pond fields
    (John Wiley & Sons, 2016) González, Daniel I.; Amigo Álvarez, José Manuel; Lorente, Sylvie; Bejan, Adrian; Suárez Poch, Francisco Ignacio; CEDEUS (Chile)
    Salt-gradient solar ponds (SGSPs) are water bodies that capture and accumulate large amounts of solar energy. The design of an SGSP field has never been analyzed in terms of studying the optimal number of solar ponds that must be built to maximize the useful energy that can be collected in the field, or the most convenient way to connect the ponds. In this paper, we use constructal design to find the optimal configuration of an SGSP field. A steady-state thermal model was constructed to estimate the energy collected by each SGSP, and then a complementary model was developed to determine the final temperature of a defined mass flow rate of a fluid that will be heated by heat exchangers connected to the solar ponds. By applying constructal design, four configurations for the SGSP field, with different surface area distribution, were evaluated: series, parallel, mixed series-parallel and tree-shaped configurations. For the study site of this investigation, it was found that the optimal SGSP field consists of 30 solar ponds of increasing surface area connected in series. This SGSP field increases the final temperature of the fluid to be heated in 22.9%, compared to that obtained in a single SGSP. The results of this study show that is possible to use constructal theory to further optimize the heat transfer of an SGSP field. Experimental results of these configurations would be useful in future works to validate the methodology proposed in this study
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    Demand for environmentally friendly vehicles: A review and new evidence
    (2019) Ruben Cordera; Luigi dell'Olio; Angel Ibeas; Ortuzar Salas, Juan De Dios; CEDEUS (Chile)
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    Development and validation of a numerical heat transfer model for PCM glazing: Integration to EnergyPlus for office building energy performance applications
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Uribe, Daniel; Vera, Sergio; Perino, Marco; CEDEUS (Chile)
    © 2024 Elsevier LtdGlazing filled with Phase Change Materials (PCMs) or PCM glazing arises as a strategy to improve the office buildings' energy performance by providing thermal inertia to glazed façades. PCM glazing can reduce office buildings' cooling energy consumption in warm climates. Literature shows a good understanding of PCM glazing thermophysical properties. However, nowadays, it is unfeasible to estimate the energy consumption of offices with PCM glazing based on annual energy simulations. Therefore, this paper aims to integrate a novel, developed, and validated PCM glazing heat transfer model for building energy performance applications into EnergyPlus. In order to do this, a numerical heat transfer model of a double-clear glazed filled with PCM based on literature is developed. This model is validated experimentally and integrated into EnergyPlus, a state-of-the-art building energy simulation tool. Annual simulations are carried out for an office room with different WWR, façade orientations, and PCMs in four climate conditions to show the model's capability to estimate the energy consumption and cooling peak load reductions. The results show that double-clear glazing filled with PCM can reduce the energy consumption of an office building up to 9.1 % and reduce the cooling peak loads up to 10.5 % compared to the same office building with a triple-clear glazing filled with argon. The best results were observed in warm climates with significant diurnal temperature variations.
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    Evaluation of radiance's genBSDF capability to assess solar bidirectional properties of complex fenestration systems
    (2015) Molina, G.; Bustamante Gómez, Waldo; Rao, J.; Fazio, P.; Vera Araya, Sergio Eduardo; CEDEUS (Chile)
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    Evaluation of view clarity through solar shading fabrics
    (2022) Flamant, G.; Bustamante Gomez, Waldo Enrique; Tzempelikos, A.; Vera, S.; CEDEUS (Chile)
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    Experimental and Numerical Analysis of a PCM-Integrated Roof for Higher Thermal Performance of Buildings
    (2024) Pierre Simon, François; Ruíz Valero, Letzai; Girard, Aymeric; Galleguillos, Héctor; CEDEUS (Chile)
    Phase change materials (PCMs) designate materials able to store latent heat. PCMs change state from solid to liquid over a defined temperature range. This process is reversible and can be used for thermo-technical purposes. The present paper aims to study the thermal performance of an inorganic eutectic PCM integrated into the rooftop slab of a test room and analyze its potential for building thermal management. The experiment is conducted in two test rooms in Antofagasta (Chile) during summer, fall, and winter. The PCM is integrated into the rooftop of the first test room, while the roof panel of the second room is a sealed air cavity. The work introduces a numerical model, which is built using the finite difference method and used to simulate the rooms’ thermal behavior. Several thermal simulations of the PCM room are performed for other Chilean locations to evaluate and compare the capability of the PCM panel to store latent heat thermal energy in different climates. Results show that the indoor temperature of the PCM room in Antofagasta varies only 21.1°C±10.6°C, while the one of the air-panel room varies 28.3°C±18.5°C. Under the experiment’s conditions, the PCM room’s indoor temperature observes smoother diurnal fluctuations, with lower maximum and higher minimum indoor temperatures than that of the air-panel room. Thermal simulations in other cities show that the PCM panel has a better thermal performance during winter, as it helps to maintain or increase the room temperature by some degrees to reach comfort temperatures. This demonstrates that the implementation of such PCM in the building envelope can effectively reduce space heating and cooling needs, and improve indoor thermal comfort in different climates of Chile.
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    Extension of Duplexed Single-Ended Distributed Temperature Sensing Calibration Algorithms and Their Application in Geothermal Systems
    (MDPI, 2022) Lillo Briceño, Matías; Suárez Poch, Francisco Ignacio; Hausner, Mark B.; Yáñez Carrizo, Gonzalo Alejandro; Veloso Espinosa, Eugenio Andrés; CEDEUS (Chile)
    Fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS) has been widely used since the end of the 20th century, with various industrial, Earth sciences, and research applications. To obtain precise thermal measurements, it is important to extend the currently available DTS calibration methods, considering that environmental and deployment factors can strongly impact these measurements. In this work, a laboratory experiment was performed to assess a currently available duplexed single-ended DTS calibration algorithm and to extend it in case no temperature information is available at the end of the cables, which is extremely important in geothermal applications. The extended calibration algorithms were tested in different boreholes located in the Atacama Desert and in the Central Andes Mountains to estimate the geothermal gradient in these regions. The best algorithm found achieved a root mean square error of 0.31 +/- 0.07 degrees C at the far end of a similar to 1.1-km cable, which is much smaller than that obtained using the manufacturer algorithm (2.17 +/- 0.35 degrees C). Moreover, temperature differences between single- and double-ended measurements were less than 0.3 degrees C at the far end of the cable, which results in differences of similar to 0.5 degrees C km(-1) when determining the geothermal gradient. This improvement in the geothermal gradient is relevant, as it can reduce the drilling depth by at least 700 m in the study area. Future work should investigate new extensions of the algorithms for other DTS configurations and determining the flow rate of the Central Andes Mountains artesian well using the geothermal profile provided by the DTS measurements and the available data of the borehole
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    Impact of different control strategies of perforated curved louvers on the visual comfort and energy consumption of office buildings in different climates
    (2019) Uribe, Daniel; Vera Araya, Sergio Eduardo; Bustamante Gómez, Waldo; McNeil, A.; Flamant, G.; CEDEUS (Chile)
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    Improvement of the thermal performance of hollow clay bricks for structural masonry walls
    (2024) Vera Araya, Sergio Eduardo; Figueroa Cofré, Camilo Iván; Chubretovic Arnaiz, Soledad; Remesar Lera, José Carlos; Vargas, Felipe; CEDEUS (Chile)
    Although structural masonry walls are widely used in construction, achieving lower U-value is crucial to minimize energy losses and greenhouse gas emissions. The effect on the U-value of hollow clay masonry walls is evaluated by modifying the clay and mortar thermal conductivities, as well as the brick grid and thickness. Heat transfer through bricks and walls was modeled using a 3D-finite element method while model validation was based on experimental tests. Smaller rectangular cavities reduce the U-value to 0.761 W/m2K; increasing the brick thickness reduces the U-value to 0.563 W/m2K. Moreover, reducing the clay thermal conductivity showed negligible reductions in the wall U-value.
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    Local and NON-LOCAL source apportionment of black carbon and combustion generated PM2.5
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Rodríguez Rangel, Jessika Carolina; Villalobos, Ana María; Castro-Molinare J.; Jorquera González, Héctor Iván Joaquin; CEDEUS (Chile)
    Current methods for measuring black carbon aerosol (BC) by optical methods apportion BC to fossil fuel and wood combustion. However, these results are aggregated: local and non-local combustion sources are lumped together. The spatial apportioning of carbonaceous aerosol sources is challenging in remote or suburban areas because non-local sources may be significant. Air quality modeling would require highly accurate emission inventories and unbiased dispersion models to quantify such apportionment. We propose FUSTA (FUzzy SpatioTemporal Apportionment) methodology for analyzing aethalometer results for equivalent black carbon coming from fossil fuel (eBCff) and wood combustion (eBCwb). We applied this methodology to ambient measurements at three suburban sites around Santiago, Chile, in the winter season 2021. FUSTA results showed that local sources contributed ∼80% to eBCff and eBCwb in all sites. By using PM2.5 – eBCff and PM2.5 – eBCwb scatterplots for each fuzzy cluster (or source) found by FUSTA, the estimated lower edge lines showed distinctive slopes in each measurement site. These slopes were larger for non-local sources (aged aerosols) than for local ones (fresh emissions) and were used to apportion combustion PM2.5 in each site. In sites Colina, Melipilla and San Jose de Maipo, fossil fuel combustion contributions to PM2.5 were 26 % (15.9 μg m−3), 22 % (9.9 μg m−3), and 22 % (7.8 μg m−3), respectively. Wood burning contributions to PM2.5 were 22 % (13.4 μg m−3), 19 % (8.9 μg m−3) and 22% (7.3 μg m−3), respectively. This methodology generates a joint source apportionment of eBC and PM2.5, which is consistent with available chemical speciation data for PM2.5 in Santiago.
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    Mapping Energy Poverty: How Much Impact Do Socioeconomic, Urban and Climatic Variables Have at a Territorial Scale?
    (MDPI, 2022) Encinas, Felipe; Truffello, Ricardo; Aguirre-Nunez, Carlos; Puig, Isidro; Vergara-Perucich, Francisco; Freed, Carmen; Rodriguez, Blanca; CEDEUS (Chile)
    Energy poverty, considered a form of deprivation distinct from income poverty, is associated with three factors: low-income levels, high energy costs, and poor residential energy efficiency. It is necessary to study the socio-spatial distribution of energy poverty, particularly in metropolitan areas, due to persistent socioeconomic segregation and their public agenda implications, including the U.N. SDGs. A model of these characteristics can propose a spatial analysis of urban and climate implications, contributing evidence for public policy. This article aims to address energy poverty from a spatial approach extended to the urban area in Santiago de Chile through an exploratory model that estimates the impact of socioeconomic, urban, and climatic variables at a territorial scale on the performance of homes. Using a geographical weighted regression with the inside home temperature in winter as the dependent variable, the independent variables were the percentage of professionals, NDVI, annual thermal amplitude, and housing material quality. A housing quality pattern that acts as a proxy for vulnerability to energy poverty was found, repeating the distribution pattern of the different socioeconomic sectors. The findings incorporate a new interpretive matrix into the complex reproduction of segregation and inequality in a capital city from a developing country.
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    Modelling and simulation of the wood biomass supply from the sustainable management of natural forests
    (2021) Pierre Simon, François; Girard, Aymeric; Krotki, Martin; Ordoñez, Javier; CEDEUS (Chile)
    Wood biomass is an important energy resource, which can contribute to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. The research undertakes the microeconomic approach to estimate the technical availability and operational costs of woody biomass production with a higher level of precision than other models present in the literature, as it considers the entire supply chain of the sustainable management of natural forests. This study introduces a tool, which is applied to estimate supply curves and costs of wood biomass extraction from natural forests in the 7th Region of Chile. The simulation indicates that 531,015 tons/year of wood biomass is available in natural forests of the Region under study, with extraction costs ranging from 24.51 to 56.68 US$/ton, or an average total cost of 40.97 US$/ton. The parametric analysis revealed that the maximum admissible distance to the nearest transport route and the transportation costs are the two most influential variables in the estimation of wood biomass supply and cost. Reducing the admissible distance from 5 km to 1 km reduced the availability of biomass by 80%, while a variation of ±50% of transportation costs translated into ±18.3% variation of total extraction costs. The proposed method can be used to identify the technical-economic potential of wood biomass from natural forests in any commune, province, region, or country; as it has the flexibility to allow tests with multiple scenarios and parameters depending on the specific characteristics of the area to be analysed. Essentially, the purpose of this tool is to serve the assessment processes of the identification of new wood biomass resources, allowing decision makers to increase the potential of sustainable and cost-effective woody biomass for heat and electricity generation, and at the same time reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the dependence on fossil fuels.
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    Modelling and Validation of two Heat and Mass Transfer Model of Living Walls and Evaluation of Their Impact on the Energy Performance of a Supermarket in a Semiarid Climate
    (International Building Performance Simulation Association - IBPSA, 2020) Garcia Zulch, Mauricio Alejandro; Vera Araya, Sergio Eduardo; Rouault, Fabien Guillaume Henri Roger; Bustamante Gómez, Waldo; CEDEUS (Chile)
    There are about 35 heat and mass transfer green roof models up to date. However, there are only four living wall models. Furthermore, there are very few studies on the impact of living walls on the building energy performance of buildings. Moreover, none of the living wall models has been validated under semiarid climate conditions and there is a lack of studies about the cooling potential of living walls in retail buildings such as supermarkets. This paper aims to adapt two well-known green roof models to be able to model the heat and mass transfer through living walls, validate both models under semiarid climate conditions, and couple both adapted and validated models to EnergyPlus. Therefore, the impact of living walls on the energy performance of an ASHRAE prototype supermarket located in Santiago of Chile is evaluated. The results show that living walls can reduce up to 24% the cooling loads of a supermarket, and the wall thermal insulation significantly diminishes the impact of the living wall.
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    Optimization of a fixed exterior complex fenestration system considering visual comfort and energy performance criteria
    (2017) Vera Araya, Sergio Eduardo; Uribe, Daniel; Bustamante Gómez, Waldo; Molina, G.; CEDEUS (Chile)