Retirement trajectories in chile: highly gendered and relatively de-standardized.
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Date
2025
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Abstract
This thesis investigates the gendered and de-standardized nature of retirement trajectories in Chile, drawing from life course theory, the de-standardization of the life course, and cumulative (dis)advantages frameworks. Building on international research emphasizing the diversification of late-life transitions, this study examines the interplay between labor force status, occupational prestige, and gender using Multi-Channel Sequence Analysis (MCSA). Panel data from five waves of the Social Protection Survey (EPS) are analyzed to reconstruct retirement trajectories for men and women separately. Six representative patterns are identified for each gender, highlighting stark differences: men predominantly experience gradual transitions through partial retirement, often reflecting the concept of "bridge employment." In contrast, women’s trajectories are marked by abrupt shifts, often characterized by extended periods out of the labor force—a feminized state tied to irregular workforce participation. Occupational prestige emerges as a critical factor: individuals in high-prestige occupations follow more uniform trajectories, while those in low-prestige roles exhibit greater diversity and complexity. These findings underscore how Chile's privatized pension system and gendered labor market exacerbate cumulative disadvantages, especially for women. By analyzing the intersection of institutional frameworks, occupational prestige, and gender, this thesis contributes to debates on the pluralization and differentiation of life courses, offering insights into retirement dynamics in stratified and liberal welfare contexts.Keywords: Retirement trajectories, Gender, De-standardization, Life course theory, Occupational prestige.
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Tesis (Magíster en Sociología)--Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 2025
Keywords
Retirement trajectories, Gender, De-standardization, Life course theory, Occupational prestige