Browsing by Author "Calderón Orellana, Magdalena"

Now showing 1 - 12 of 12
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    Client violence towards childcare workers: a systematic literature review
    (2023) Díaz Bórquez, Daniela; Calderón Orellana, Magdalena; Inostroza Correa, Alejandra; Varas González, Gonzalo
    Client violence against childcare workers is a relevant problem due to its impact on their well-being and the service they provide due to their significant role in the child protection process. This study explored violence against childcare workers using a systematic literature review. PubMed, Science Direct, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar were searched for studies that included the words workers, childcare workers, child protection workers, social workers, user violence, client violence, child violence, parental violence, client aggression, client-perpetrated violence, residential childcare, childcare centres, and/or child protection centres. A total of twenty studies were included. Most studies described violent incidents, often directly involving children or their parents. The results indicate that the effects of violence significantly impact the life and well-being of workers and those workers and organizations naturalize it. It is necessary to advance in the denaturation of violence in the workplace and agree on a violence definition to implement preventive measures such as induction, training, and supervision.
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    COVID-19 and client violence toward healthcare social workers in Chile
    (2022) Calderón Orellana, Magdalena; Díaz Bórquez, Daniela Aida; Miranda Sánchez, Paula
    This article discusses the violence perpetrated by clients against social workers who provided services to COVID-19 patients and their families in Chilean hospitals during the initial peak of the disease in the country. In this way, this becomes the first study to analyze client violence toward social workers in the health crisis generated by the pandemic. The results indicate that the presence of aggressions from clients is high and social workers’ coping strategies are passive. Finally, the urgent call for prevention and the need for research are presented.
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    COVID-19’s impact on worker stress in human service organizations: The mediating role of inclusion
    (2023) Calderón Orellana, Magdalena; Aparicio Alonso, Andres; Lopez Huenante, Nicolas
    Human service organizations faced extraordinary challenges due to COVID-19. Despite the increasing interest and research in this new scenario, there has been limited discussion about the impact of COVID-19 on workers, the challenges they faced, and the resulting stress. This study aimed to analyze the impact of COVID-19 on work-related stress and the mediating role of inclusion among workers in human service organizations in Chile during the pandemic. The research design was quantitative and involved a sample of 173 workers from civil society organizations who were contacted during the pandemic. The study confirmed that individuals most affected by the pandemic experienced higher levels of work-related stress, and that inclusion played a negative mediating role in this relationship. This article highlights the importance of relationships, decision-making processes, and access to information in reducing stress in post-COVID scenarios for organizations that traditionally handle crises.
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    Exploring Latin American Organizational Social Work (OSW): a primary analysis of the conceptual, epistemic and methodological bases of OST in Latin American schools of social work
    (2024) Inostroza Correa, Alejandra; Miranda Sánchez, Paula; Calderón Orellana, Magdalena; Farah Ojeda, Jorge
    Despite the prevalence of social workers working in the organizational field, there is no consensus in the literature on what Organizational Social Work (OSW) is and how it is understood from a Latin American perspective. This greatly hinders undergraduate and graduate education in the area and the training of new professionals. The objective of this article is to identify the theoretical, conceptual, epistemic, and methodological bases underlying the practice and teaching of OSW in Latin America, and to reveal the challenges and shortcomings present in teaching. A grounded theory approach was used to conduct 12 in-depth interviews with social workers to explore their definitions of OSW from an academic perspective. The results indicate that OSW taught in universities does not have a precise definition, which is linked to deficits in the available literature. OSW is an interdisciplinary field that arises from practice rather than theory, and its great challenge is the establishment of research and structured academic education.
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    Motivación de servicio público en los funcionarios públicos chilenos
    (2021) Cuevas Gutiérrez, Carolina; Gonzalez Bustamante, Bastián; Calderón Orellana, Magdalena; Barría Traverso, Diego
    En los últimos treinta años el debate en el campo de la administración pública en América Latina ha girado en torno a cómo introducir reformas en el sector público inspiradas por la Nueva Gestión Pública. En efecto, la mayoría de las administraciones públicas se han enfocado casi exclusivamente en introducir este tipo de reformas, ignorando una serie de alternativas que han emergido en el debate académico. Una de esas alternativas es el enfoque de la motivación de servicio público que analiza cómo ciertos factores intrínsecos, directamente asociados con la noción de servicio público, motivan el comportamiento de los empleados públicos. Este artículo tiene como objetivo fomentar un debate latinoamericano respecto a cómo diseñar e implementar políticas de recursos humanos basadas en la teoría de la motivación de servicio público. A partir de una muestra no probabilística con 172 respuestas, este trabajo identifica un número de factores de motivación de servicio público entre funcionarios públicos chilenos. Los hallazgos muestran que la atracción por las políticas públicas, el compromiso con el interés general y la compasión son factores tan poderosos como el amor por el dinero. Al mismo tiempo, los resultados muestran que el autosacrificio no motiva a los funcionarios públicos chilenos. A partir de estos hallazgos, se presenta una discusión sobre la motivación de servicio público como enfoque útil para rediseñar políticas de recursos humanos.
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    Precedents to Think About Social Work in Chile in the Current Uncertain Political Scenario: Reflections From Critical Feminisms
    (2023) Martínez Rubio, María Paz; Diaz Bórquez, Daniela; Calderón Orellana, Magdalena
    In this In Brief, the authors present an argument about the challenges for feminist social work in Chile, given the political transformation process occurring since 2019 in the country. Through an approach that addresses the history of social work in dialogue with important political events for Chile and their consequences for the feminist and social movements, the authors argue that—despite the progress achieved—the main challenge for feminist social work today continues to be a male privilege. This is exemplified by a critical view of two main social work development fields: social services and academia. Finally, referring to critical and feminist perspectives, the authors reflect on possibilities for change in social work practice and education, given the political uncertainty that Chile is facing, particularly after the failure of the first constitutional election.
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    Prevención de la Violencia en el Trabajo de Protección Infantil. Guía práctica de prevención de la violencia hacia trabajadores de protección especializada
    Díaz Bórquez, Daniela; Calderón Orellana, Magdalena
    La violencia en el trabajo, entendida como la exposición directa a comportamientos negativos y sistemáticos, es un fenómeno creciente con graves implicaciones legales, productivas y de salud pública. Reconociendo este problema, durante el período 2022-2023, se desarrolló el primer estudio de violencia hacia las trabajadoras de protección especializada, financiado por MUTUAL en el marco del Fondo de Investigación e Innovación en Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo 2023 de la Superintedencia de Seguridad Social de Chile. El estudio confirmó una alta incidencia de violencia en los servicios de protección especializada, afectando mayoritariamente a trabajadoras y educadoras de trato directo. Estos actos violentos, que incluyen gritos, agresiones verbales y daños a instalaciones, se han naturalizado, y las víctimas, ante la desconfianza en el sistema y la minimización de los hechos, muchas veces desisten de denunciar. Asimismo, la investigación permitió construir participativamente un modelo de prevención de la violencia de usuarios en el trabajo de protección, que se traduce en esta guía práctica, validada en etapas iniciales con resultados favorables.La guía práctica contiene antecedentes del problema y orientaciones para implementar, desde una perspectiva organizacional, diferentes estrategias de prevención de la violencia en el trabajo de protección de niños, niñas y adolescentes. Este instrumento espera ser un aporte a las organizaciones y equipos que implementan programas de protección especializada, fortaleciendo la seguridad y bienestar de trabajadoras y trabajadores, requisito primero para garantizar el bienestar de los niños, niñas y adolescentes que están bajo el cuidado del Estado de Chile.
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    The civil service careers of university support staff and new public management: A qualitative study from Chile
    (2023) Calderón Orellana, Magdalena; López Huenante, Nicolás Yuhary; Burgos-Bravo, Daniel; Tralma González, Gloria; Morales Segura, Miguel Ángel ; Gamonal Aravena, Jorge
    New public management policies have been in effect in Chile since the 1980s, influencing the development of human resources policies and procedures, particularly within higher education institutions. While the impact of these policies on academic staff is evident, their implications for non-academic personnel who operate under the same regime as public servants remain unclear. This research aims to investigate the relationship between new public management principles and the career beliefs of non-academic personnel in Chile. Utilizing focus groups, this study analyzes the perceptions of career trajectories among the collaboration staff at the country's most prominent public university. Finally, the results are discussed.
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    The Codes of Ethics in the Public Sector and the Incorporation of Values that Promote Open Government: The Chilean Case
    (2019) Calderón Orellana, Magdalena; Araya Bugueño, Rafael
    The objective of this study is to analyze the Codes of Ethics in force in public entities in Chile in the light of the open government principles: transparency, participation and accountability. In order to do so, a sample of formally approved codes of ethics in public entities of the central government of Chile and published on the website www.serviciocivil.gob.cl was analyzed using a qualitative methodological design. Through a content analysis applied to a selection of the Institutional Codes of Ethics studied, it is possible to point out that in general the principles of open government are not directly or clearly integrated into the codes. A relevant result refers to the use of these codes as an instrument for human resource management, especially in relation to specific problems faced by agencies. Finally, limitations and projections are discussed.
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    Trabajo social en Chile. Una mirada a la formación en el escenario político y económico chileno
    (2014) Calderón Orellana, Magdalena; Cortés Mancilla, Rodrigo Marcelo
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    Trayectoria de la Revista de Trabajo Social UC: 100 ediciones de compromiso con la práctica del Trabajo Social
    (2024) Calderón Orellana, Magdalena; Grau Rengifo, María Olaya