Browsing by Author "González Espejo, Felipe José"

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    Modelación conjunta de elección de localización residencial y establecimiento escolar en Santiago, Chile
    (2021) González Espejo, Felipe José; Hurtubia González, Ricardo; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Ingeniería
    Las preferencias de los hogares sobre la elección de establecimiento escolar han sido ampliamente estudiadas por la literatura, en particular en Chile debido a sus singularidades con respecto a la perspectiva internacional. Estas preferencias han demostrado ser heterogéneas y complejas. Además, han sido vinculadas de manera consistente con la elección de localización residencial. Es más, en Santiago, cada día más de 900 mil escolares viajan en hora punta mañana a estudiar. No obstante, la literatura de modelación conjunta de elecciones no ha profundizado en el vínculo intrínseco entre estas decisiones. Este estudio busca comprender el vínculo existente entre ambas elecciones mediante modelos de elección conjunta. Así, se construyó una base de datos con observaciones de la Encuesta Origen y Destino del Gran Santiago 2012 y se generaron conjuntos de alternativas de localización residencial y escolar para cada hogar. Se estimó un modelo Logit Multinomial, dos modelos Logit Mixto (que proponen diferentes estructuras de decisión y correlacionan ambas elecciones a través de términos de error), y un modelo de clases latentes que busca caracterizar a los hogares, según las estrategias definidas. Las conclusiones obtenidas de los modelos radican en tres aspectos. Primero, se corroboran las conclusiones de la literatura respecto de la percepción de atributos académicos, socioeconómicos y la distancia entre hogar y colegio. Segundo, se captan factores no observados asociados a atributos socioeconómicos y de accesibilidad que determinan las preferencias sobre ambas elecciones, correlacionándolas. Tercero, existe heterogeneidad caracterizable en las preferencias de los hogares. Los resultados más relevantes indican que la distancia es un factor esencial para todos los hogares, independiente de la estrategia de elección. Además, hogares que priorizan el establecimiento por sobre la localización, tienden a ser más sensibles sobre atributos socioeconómicos de ambas elecciones. Comprender este vínculo, permite diseñar políticas públicas que incluyan ambas dimensiones de elección.
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    On the relation between school and residential location choice: Evidence of heterogeneous strategies from Santiago de Chile
    (Elsevier SCI LTD, 2022) González Espejo, Felipe José; Astroza, Sebastián; Hurtubia González, Ricardo; CEDEUS (Chile)
    Voucher systems have been vastly discussed on their ability to provide better quality education and more efficient school systems, but also on the role they play on segregation mechanisms through education markets. With free school choice, parents' preferences and the trade-offs they take into account become relevant, as they are free to decide between educational alternatives and are not restricted to their geographical location's school assignment. In this context, the Chilean case is a singular one due to its nationwide, unrestricted, system implementation. Chilean household's preferences have shown to be complex, heterogeneous, and tightly bound to socioeconomic attributes, as well as deeply intertwined with residential location, especially in Santiago, being a source for social and spatial inequities distributed around the city. Comprehending household's sensitivities on both of these choices and their interactions is essential for understanding the city's complex urban and social structure. This paper seeks to understand the existing bond between school and residential location choices through discrete choice models. By constructing a dataset based on Santiago's 2012 travel survey, a latent class mixed logit model was estimated, capturing observed and unobserved factors that determine household's preferences on both choices. The latent class approach defines two different choice strategies: households that prioritize residential location, and households that prioritize school choice. This enables characterization of households' preferences and choice structures. Main findings suggest both strategies are identifiable through household's characteristics, capturing heterogeneity in household's preferences. In addition, unobserved factors linked to access to office opportunities and neighborhood's socioeconomic level in both school and residential locations explain the correlation binding both choices, capturing heterogeneity. Results suggest that, for both segments, distance tends to be a relevant attribute when choosing. Also, households that prioritize school over residential location tend to be more elastic to socioeconomic characteristics in comparison to households that prioritize residence over school. These 'school first' decision-makers are characterized by higher incomes, possession of cars, and more residential mobility due to not being homeowners. Understanding this bond, and household's behavior regarding it, should allow policymakers to better plan for the reduction of social and spatial urban inequalities.