Browsing by Author "Inostroza Correa, María Alejandra"

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    Gender and decision-making styles in male and female managers of Chilean SMEsGénero y estilos de toma de decisiones en gerentes y gerentas de pymes chilenas
    (Emerald Publishing, 2023) Inostroza Correa, María Alejandra; Sepúlveda Velásquez, J.; Ortúzar Lyon, Santiago
    PurposeThis article aims to analyze how gender and decision-making styles of Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) impact the financial performance of the firms they manage.Design/methodology/approachData were obtained for 2017 for 185 SMEs in Chile, an emerging economy, including firm information, CEO's sociodemographic characteristics and CEOs' decision-making styles. Generalized Least Squares (GLS) models were estimated to explain the influence of gender and decision-making styles on firm performance, controlling for a series of covariates. To test whether gender moderates the effect of decision-making styles on firm performance, interaction terms were included. Furthermore, models were subject to several robustness procedures, with no significant differences in results.FindingsThe authors find evidence of significant relationships for both gender and the avoidant style. Likewise, the authors find evidence of interaction effects between gender and decision-making styles, particularly between gender and the dependent style.Originality/valueFindings contribute to prior research by analyzing the relationship between CEO gender and SME performance in the context of a Latin American emerging economy; by providing evidence of the impact of decision-making styles on the financial performance of SMEs; and by examining how a specific decision-making style, namely the dependent style, operates differently according to CEO gender, shedding some light on its ambiguous character as described by prior research. For policymakers and authorities, findings indicate the importance of incorporating women to SMEs and supporting their way towards higher management.
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    Gender and financial performance in SMEs in emerging economies
    (Emerald Group Holdings Ltd., 2022) Espinosa-Méndez, C.; Inostroza Correa, María Alejandra
    The purpose of this paper is to investigate how chief executive officer (CEO) gender relates to financial performance in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in a Latin American emerging economy like Chile. Design/methodology/approach: The authors apply a questionnaire on a sample of 188 SMEs in Chile in 2017. The authors apply multiple ordinary least squares regression models to test the effects of CEO gender on SME performance using the industry location indicators to account for unobserved heterogeneity in the sample. As a robustness test the authors use hierarchical regression analysis. Findings: The authors find a positive relationship between the presence of female CEOs and firm performance. Then, when probing whether the sociodemographic characteristics of the CEO are related to firm performance or moderate the gender-performance relationship, the authors do not find statistically significant evidence that these types of characteristics affect the performance of SMEs. Originality/value: To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the present study is the first to investigate the relationship between CEO gender and financial performance of SMEs in an emerging Latin American economy. The study contributes to the general literature by reporting comparable evidence with studies in developed economies.
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    Gender inequalities during a global pandemic: The link between female solo self‐employment, informality, caregiving responsibilities, and quality of life 1 year after the Covid‐19 pandemic
    (2024) Inostroza Correa, María Alejandra; Sepúlveda Velásquez, Jorge
    The purpose of this study is to see if informal, solo self-employed women in Chile had a greater drop in their quality of life than their formal counterparts during the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic. The article investigates the correlation between different types of employment arrangements (informal solo self-employment and formal solo self-employment) and the well-being of these women during the pandemic. The instrument employed is the COV19-Impact on Quality of Life questionnaire, consisting of six items presented in a 5-point Likert scale format. The survey was conducted online as a self-administered questionnaire to 854 female solo self-employed participants, ranging in age from 19 to 75 years, who had received support from a social aid foundation in December 2020 and early 2021. The main finding suggests there is a correlation between the type of solo self-employment and the quality of life experienced by women during the pandemic. Specifically, women engaged in informal solo self-employment encountered a substantial decline in their quality of life over the initial year of the pandemic, reflecting a decrease of 14.97 points on the Quality of Life scale, in contrast to their formal counterparts. In conclusion, there is a strong correlation between the quality of life experienced during the pandemic and employment status. Even though employment arrangements were utilized as proxies for socioeconomic factors not directly assessed in the questionnaire, this tool proved invaluable in capturing diverse facets of socioeconomic conditions, encompassing income levels, access to governmental support, social protection, and working conditions.
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    Gobierno abierto y docencia universitaria: Innovación para el ejercicio de la ciudadanía
    (2023) Farah Ojeda, Jorge; Inostroza Correa, María Alejandra
    Se presenta una innovación docente que incorpora el enfoque de Gobierno Abierto en un curso de pregrado de la Escuela de Trabajo Social de la Universidad Católica de Chile, durante los años 2020 y 2022. El curso establece como premisa que las personas requieren servicios del Estado, el que ejerce el monopolio de su oferta. En ello, se genera una relación obligatoria y desigual en la que el aparato estatal define sin contrapeso la forma como entrega sus servicios. Producto de ello, el acceso está limitado por la información que maneje la ciudadanía y la capacidad efectiva de postular a los beneficios, lo que implica que deben conocer sus requisitos y el funcionamiento de la burocracia para solicitarlos. Desde ahí, el curso propone el paradigma de Gobierno Abierto como mecanismo de reducción de esta problemática. Para esto, incorpora contenidos sobre Gobierno Abierto, disponibiliza lecturas pertinentes y crea instancias prácticas consistentes en la generación de material ciudadano con lenguaje claro que luego se provee a la ciudadanía. De este modo, se pretende incidir en el proceso de formación de futuros/as profesionales con un enfoque de gobierno abierto.
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    Personas en situación de discapacidad en Chile.Brechas digitales multidimensionales comobarreras de acceso al mundo laboral
    (2024) Binimelis Espinoza, Helder; Aguayo Cuevas, Cecilia Pilar; Reyes Quilodran, Claudia Andrea; Inostroza Correa, María Alejandra; Aguayo Cuevas, Carlos
    Este artículo presenta un diagnóstico de las experiencias y limitaciones en el ámbito de las tecnologías digitalesde personas en situación de discapacidad, orientado hacia la comprensión de sus necesidades para la inserciónlaboral. Se presentan los resultados de una investigación de corte descriptivo de entrevistas semiestructuradasefectuadas en dos comunas de Chile: San Joaquín y Pitrufquén. El trabajo se sitúa en el contexto de la recienteimplementación de leyes y políticas que fijan cuotas de contratación de personas con situación de discapacidada las empresas del país. El análisis permite distinguir situaciones de brecha y posibilidades de alfabetización,experiencias de uso de tecnologías en contextos laborales y la implementación de políticas de accesibilidaddigital. Se concluye que las personas entrevistadas enfrentan sus posibilidades de acceso al mercado laboral enun contexto de múltiples brechas digitales, con limitadas posibilidades de alfabetización, así como con tareaspendientes en la implementación de políticas de inclusión digital. A partir de las experiencias recogidas, seproponen lineamientos generales de políticas para avanzar en una inclusión digital laboral gradual y efectiva.
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    The impact of technology use for care by informal female caregivers on their well-being: a scoping review protocol
    (2023) Inostroza Correa, María Alejandra; Aparicio Alonso, Andrés David; Miranda Herrera, Paula Andrea; Salinas Suárez, Carolina Inés; Herskovic Maida, Valeria Paz; Chackiel Durán, Camila Valentina
    Objective: The objective of this scoping review is to assess the extent of literature examining the impact of technology use by informal female caregivers in their quality of life to characterize existing research gaps and to identify what evidence is already available. Introduction: The well-being of caregivers has become a prominent topic in recent studies on caregiving, especially for informal caregivers, who are mostly female. Within this context, the use of technologies to assist in caregiving tasks has become increasingly popular and some evidence about their impact on caregiver well-being is available. However, significant research gaps persist.Inclusion criteria: We are interested in studies exploring how informal female caregivers use technology and how such use impacts their well-being.Methods: We will search Web of Science and Scopus for studies in English, Spanish and Portuguese published in peer-reviewed journals since from 2018. Sources will be screened in stages by two independent reviewers; data will be extracted from selected full texts and results will be integrated into a narrative summary supported by tables and diagrams following the research questions.
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    The influence of the personality traits and sociodemographic CEO characteristics on performance of SMEs: evidence from Chile
    (Emerald Group Publishing LTD, 2022) Inostroza Correa, María Alejandra; Espinosa-Mendez, Christian
    Purpose: In this paper the authors study how sociodemographic characteristics and personality traits of the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) impact financial performance in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in an emerging economy such as Chile. Design/methodology/approach The authors applied a questionnaire to 185 Chilean SME CEOs during 2017 concerning sociodemographic characteristics (gender, age, experience and marital status), personality traits (extraversion, responsibility, openness to experience, agreeableness, and neuroticism) and firm characteristics. Findings The authors find that some sociodemographic characteristics (gender and age) significantly impact SME performance. The authors find no significant connection between personality traits and firm performance. Originality/value This paper contributes to the business literature by investigating how sociodemographic variables and personality traits of the CEO are related to SME financial performance; by providing new evidence on the relationship between CEO characteristics and firm performance, mostly centered on developed economies, in the context of an emerging economy; and allowing for a better understanding of how CEO decisions impact firm performance.