Artículos de conferencia

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A Developer’s Guide to Building and Testing Accessible Mobile Apps
(Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2024) Sandoval Alcocer, Juan Pablo; Merino del Campo, Leonel Alejandro; Fernandez Blanco, Alison; Ravelo Mendez, William; Escobar Velásquez, Camilo; Linares Vásquez, Mario
Mobile applications play a relevant role in users’ daily lives by improving and easing daily processes such as commuting or making financial transactions. The aforementioned interactions enhance the usability of commonly used services. Nevertheless, the improvements should also consider special execution environments such as weak network connections or special requirements inherited from the user’s condition. Due to this, the design of mobile applications should be driven by improving the user experience. This tutorial targets the usage of inclusive and accessibility design in the development process of mobile apps. Making sure that applications are accessible to all users, regardless of disabilities, is not just about following the law or fulfilling ethical obligations; it is crucial in creating inclusive and fair digital environments. This tutorial will educate participants on accessibility principles and the available tools. They will gain practical experience with specific Android and iOS platform features, as well as become acquainted with state-of-the-art automated and manual testing tools.
A NEW METHOD FOR ASSESSING COMPATIBILITY OF CONSOLIDATION PROCEDURES WITH CONSERVATION PRINCIPLES: INTERVENTION QUALITY INDEX (IQI)
(2021) Palazzi Chiara, Nuria; Misseri, Giulia; Sandoval Mandujano, Cristián; Tonietti, Ugo; Llera Martin, Juan Carlos de la; Rovero, Luisa
In current times, built heritage is being lost at an alarming rate due to natural and human hazards. Policies for its protection and rehabilitation involve, among other things, challenges related to the refinement of suitable structural strengthening approaches. The arduous balance between gaining acceptable safety levels for occupants without deploying intrusive devices, inconsistent with conservation principles such as those of the ICOMOS charters, is not a simple task. The interest and efforts of the scientific community in this regard have been increasing for decades, but still, it is the structural professional ' s responsibility and experience which must define this arduous balance on a case-to-case basis. This study addresses the question: How can the quality of structural rehabilitation interventions be assessed in light of conservation principles such as those given by ICOMOS? Here, a preliminary method - called "Intervention Quality Index" (IQI) method is proposed. It assesses the restoration intervention quality in relation to: (i) the level of compliance given by the conservation ' s principle score (conservation ' s factor, CF); and (ii) the current state of conservation of the monument (safety factor of building considering the seismic intensity,.s). The IQI method considers the compliance level of the designed reinforcement with conservation principle, formalized through the fulfillment of a category, i.e. respected, partially respected, and not respected. Then, these judgments are translated into scores and statistically evaluated. Scores are attributed in relation to the relevance of the fulfillment of a certain conservation principle (authenticity, minimal intervention and intrusiveness, compatibility, recognizability and reversibility) for the seismic structural safety point of view. Preliminary results show that an effective employment of traditional earthquake-resistant practices together with a wise use of modern retrofit strategies allow for the preservation and reinforcement of built heritage without harming its identity.
A new method for assessing compatibility of consolodation procedures with conservation principles: Intervention Qualitiy Index
Llera Martin, Juan Carlos de la; Palazzi, Nuria Chiara; Misseri, Giulia; Sandoval, Cristián; Tonietti, Ugo; Rovero, Luisa
In current times, built heritage is being lost at an alarming rate due to natural and human hazards. Policies for its protection and rehabilitation involve, among other things, challenges related to the refinement of suitable structural strengthening approaches. The arduous balance between gaining acceptable safety levels for occupants without deploying intrusive devices, inconsistent with conservation principles such as those of the ICOMOS charters, is not a simple task. The interest and efforts of the scientific community in this regard have been increasing for decades, but still, it is the structural professional´s responsibility and experience which must define this arduous balance on a case-to-case basis. This study addresses the question: How can the quality of structural rehabilitation interventions be assessed in light of conservation principles such as those given by ICOMOS? Here, a preliminary method - called “Intervention Quality Index” (IQI) method is proposed. It assesses the restoration intervention quality in relation to: (i) the level of compliance given by the conservation´s principle score (conservation´s factor, CF); and (ii) the current state of conservation of the monument (safety factor of building considering the seismic intensity, Δs). The IQI method considers the compliance level of the designed reinforcement with conservation principle, formalized through the fulfillment of a category, i.e. respected, partially respected, and not respected. Then, these judgments are translated into scores and statistically evaluated. Scores are attributed in relation to the relevance of the fulfillment of a certain conservation principle (authenticity, minimal intervention and intrusiveness, compatibility, recognizability and reversibility) for the seismic structural safety point of view. Preliminary results show that an effective employment of traditional earthquake-resistant practices together with a wise use of modern retrofit strategies allow for the preservation and reinforcement of built heritage without harming its identity
A Novel Three-Port NPC Converter for Grid-Tied Photovoltaic Systems with Integrated Battery Energy Storage
(IEEE, 2020) Neira, Sebastián; Lizana Gajardo, Alonso Javier; Pereda Torres, Javier Eduardo
The variable behaviour of the photovoltaic (PV) generation arises as the main drawback of this technology. Therefore, Battery Energy Storage (BES) units appear as a promising solution to overcome the inherent intermittent generation profile of PV systems. BES can be implemented separated from the PV generation units or integrated within a single power system. The latter option gives a better dynamic response, as the variable generation can be directly complemented with the BES, controlling the power flow between both elements with the grid. Thus, there is a need for power converters with capability of interface both PV and BES with the grid in a reliable and efficient way. This paper proposes a Three-Port NPC converter to connect a PV array and a BES unit with the ac grid using a single power processing stage. The converter is based in the H-NPC inverter and allows the connection of a low voltage battery to act as a power buffer ensuring a firm energy dispatch to the grid. Furthermore, simulation results show that the proposed topology maintains the good performance of the H-NPC in terms of efficiency, voltage harmonic distortion and reduced leakage current
A Quantitative Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Emissions Associated with Temporary Heating in Residential Housing
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Castillo, V.,V.; Días Ferreira Barkokebas, Regina Celi; Barkokebas, Beda; Al-Hussein M.
Temporary heating is a resource commonly used by construction practitioners in cold-climate regions to keep a constant temperature of the construction area in order to support construction work under cold weather conditions. Since the use of temporary heating depends on the project duration and outdoor temperature, it is challenging to accurately estimate its cost and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Additionally, the typical practice in North American construction is to use concrete to build the basement of single-detached houses. This drives up the CO2 emissions associated with construction, as concrete has high levels of embodied CO2 emissions. In this regard, this research aims to quantify the environmental impact and cost of temporary heating and concrete usage for basements in single-family detached houses in cold-climate regions. A discrete-event simulation model is developed to obtain the project duration and the daily average propane consumption for basement projects. This information is then used to quantify the cost and CO2 emissions associated with temporary heating and concrete usage. The results demonstrate that the cost of temporary heating increases the total cost of a concrete basement project between 8.84% and 19.31%, and represents between 15.66% and 29.48% of the total CO2 emissions produced by temporary heating and concrete usage. In contrast, concrete represents 25.24% to 30.80% of the total cost of a concrete basement project and produces between 70.52% and 84.34% more CO2 emissions than temporary heating. A case study including data collected from seven actual concrete basement projects for single-family detached houses is used to build the simulation model used for this study.
A water filling primal dual algorithm for approximating non linear covering problems (2020)
(Schloss Dagstuhl, Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, GmbH, 2020) Fielbaum, Andrés; Morales Bravo Camilo Ignacio; Verschae Tannenbaum Jose Claudio
Obtaining strong linear relaxations of capacitated covering problems constitute a significant technical challenge even for simple settings. For one of the most basic cases, the Knapsack-Cover (Min-Knapsack) problem, the relaxation based on knapsack-cover inequalities has an integrality gap of 2. These inequalities are exploited in more general problems, many of which admit primal-dual approximation algorithms. Inspired by problems from power and transport systems, we introduce a general setting in which items can be taken fractionally to cover a given demand. The cost incurred by an item is given by an arbitrary non-decreasing function of the chosen fraction. We generalize the knapsack-cover inequalities to this setting an use them to obtain a (2+ε)-approximate primal-dual algorithm. Our procedure has a natural interpretation as a bucket-filling algorithm which effectively overcomes the difficulties implied by having different slopes in the cost functions. More precisely, when some superior segment of an item presents a low slope, it helps to increase the priority of inferior segments. We also present a rounding algorithm with an approximation guarantee of 2.We generalize our algorithm to the Unsplittable Flow-Cover problem on a line, also for the setting of fractional items with non-linear costs. For this problem we obtain a (4+ε)-approximation algorithm in polynomial time, almost matching the 4-approximation algorithm known for the classical setting.
Absolute Expressiveness of Subgraph-Based Centrality Measures
(Schloss Dagstuhl- Leibniz-Zentrum fur Informatik GmbH, Dagstuhl Publishing, 2023) Pieris, Andreas; Salas Cornejo, Jorge Eduardo
In graph-based applications, a common task is to pinpoint the most important or “central” vertex in a (directed or undirected) graph, or rank the vertices of a graph according to their importance. To this end, a plethora of so-called centrality measures have been proposed in the literature. Such measures assess which vertices in a graph are the most important ones by analyzing the structure of the underlying graph. A family of centrality measures that are suited for graph databases has been recently proposed by relying on the following simple principle: the importance of a vertex in a graph is relative to the number of “relevant” connected subgraphs surrounding it; we refer to the members of this family as subgraph-based centrality measures. Although it has been shown that such measures enjoy several favourable properties, their absolute expressiveness remains largely unexplored. The goal of this work is to precisely characterize the absolute expressiveness of the family of subgraph-based centrality measures by considering both directed and undirected graphs. To this end, we characterize when an arbitrary centrality measure is a subgraph-based one, or a subgraph-based measure relative to the induced ranking. These characterizations provide us with technical tools that allow us to determine whether well-established centrality measures are subgraph-based. Such a classification, apart from being interesting in its own right, gives useful insights on the structural similarities and differences among existing centrality measures.
Accidental and natural torsion in earthquake response and design of buildings
(1996) Chopra, A. K.; Llera Martín, Juan Carlos de la
Acrylamide mitigation in potato chips by using NaCl
(Springer Nature, 2010) Pedreschi Plasencia, Franco; Granby, Kit; Risum, Jørgen
In April 2002, Swedish researchers shocked the world when they presented preliminary findings on the presence of acrylamide in fried and baked foods, most notably potato chips and French fries, at levels of 30-2,300 ppb. The objective of this research was to study the effect of immersing potato slices in a NaCl solution over the acrylamide formation in the resultant potato chips. Potato slices (Verdi variety, diameter 40 mm, width 2.0 mm) were fried at 170 A degrees C for 5 min (final moisture content of similar to 2.0%). Prior to frying, the potato slices were treated in one of the following ways: (1) control slices (unblanched or raw potato slices); (2) slices blanched at 90 A degrees C for 5 min in water; (3) slices blanched at 90 A degrees C for 5 min plus immersed in a 1 g/100 g NaCl solution at 25 A degrees C for 5 min; (4) slices blanched at 90 A degrees C for 5 min plus immersed in a 3 g/100 g NaCl solution at 25 A degrees C for 5 min; (5) slices blanched at 90 A degrees C for 5 min plus immersed in distilled water at 25 A degrees C for 5 min; and (6) slices blanched at 90 A degrees C for 5 min in a 3 g/100 g NaCl solution. Blanching followed by the immersion of potato slices in 1 g/100 g NaCl solution was effective in reducing acrylamide content in similar to 62%; however, almost half of this percentage (similar to 27%) could be attributed to the effect of NaCl and 35% to the effect of the slight heating treatment during salt immersion step (25 A degrees C for 5 min). Blanching seems to make the NaCl diffusion in potato tissue easier leading to a significant acrylamide reduction in the potato slices after frying.
Air-Pollution Impact of Transmission Line Capacity Expansions in Power Systems
(2017) Sauma Santis, Enzo Enrique; González, Julio
In this paper, we study the environmental effects on global and local pollutant emissions derived from the incorporation of new transmission circuits in existing corridors, and the interrelationships with the system economic costs and the system reliability variations. For that purpose, we develop a methodology that allows quantifying the indirect impact on pollutant emissions due to variations in power plants' dispatch when adding a line circuit to a hydrothermal power system. Our methodology also allows the analysis of the effect of N - 1 security criterion over the pollutant emission displacement, as well as the effect of changes in demand, the hydrology scenarios, and the failure cost. We illustrate our methodology using a simplified version of the main Chilean network.
An integrated model for rapid and slow transit network design
(2021) Gonzalez-Blanco N.; Mesa J.A.; Marianov Kluge, Vladimir; Mesa, Juan A.
Usually, when a rapid transit line is planned a less efficient system already partially covers the demand of the new line. Thus, when the rapid transit starts its regular services, the slow mode (e.g. bus lines) have to be cancelled or their routes modified. Usually this process is planned according to a sequential way. Firstly, the rapid transit line is designed taking into account private and public flows, and possibly surveys on mobility in order to predict the future utilization of the new infrastructure and/or other criteria. Then, in a second stage, the bus route network is redesigned. However, this sequential process can lead to a suboptimal solution, for which reason in this paper a cooperative model for rapid and slow transit network design is studied. The aim is to design simultaneously both networks and the objective is to maximize the number of passengers captured by both public modes against the private mode. We present a mathematical programming formulation and solve the problem by an improved Benders decomposition approach.
Análise Espacial do Transporte de Passageiros por Barcas na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro/RJ/Brasil
(Sociedade Brasileira de Engenharía Naval, 2019) Leite, Aline; Nassi, Carlos David
À medida que as cidades se desenvolvem, aumenta-se a demanda por mobilidade e cresce a necessidade da eficiência da rede de transporte público. A Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro (RMRJ), assim como outras no mundo, convive com problemas crescentes de mobilidade e enfrenta um grande desafio em relação ao transporte público. A rede de transportes da RMRJ é composta por trens, ônibus, BRT (Bus Rapid Transit), metrô, VLT (Veículo Leve sobre Trilhos), teleférico e as Barcas do transporte aquaviário. A literatura informa que o transporte aquaviário, é considerado mais economicamente viável, eficiente, exige menos investimentos nas fases de implantação e manutenção, além de acarretar baixo impacto ambiental relativamente aos demais modos de transporte de passageiros. O interesse por este tema surgiu a partir de trabalhos anteriores que procuraram realizar um diagnóstico do sistema de Bilhete Único (BU) na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, considerando os aspectos social, econômico e espacial. Entretanto, sem aprofundar a temática referente ao sistema de bilhetagem aquaviário de implementação posterior, modo importante de deslocamento entre municípios na Baía de Guanabara. Além disso, a inexistência de pesquisas nessa direção, particularmente que envolva estudos sobre o sistema aquaviário integrados a outros modos, é o que motiva e apresenta como contribuição científica, a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica de exemplos internacionais e nacionais. O trabalho teve como objetivo a criação de uma metodologia, tratamento e análise de dados do sistema de bilhetagem eletrônica do Bilhete Único Aquaviário (BUA) que fosse capaz de demonstrar de que forma realizavam-se as viagens por barcas na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro (RMRJ), bem como produzir mapas da distribuição espacial dos deslocamentos e dos locais de residência dos usuários. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados socioeconômicos das transações do Bilhete Único disponibilizados pela RioCard, sistema de bilhetagem eletrônica de todo do Rio de Janeiro. Como resultados, foi possível averiguar a quantidade de usuários cadastrados no BUA, identificar os fatores que colaboram para o aumento das viagens urbanas por bilhete único aquaviário na RMRJ além de caracterizar os movimentos realizados pelos usuários com mapas de distribuição espacial desses deslocamentos. Conclui-se que, a inclusão do transporte aquaviário no sistema de bilhetagem eletrônica da RMRJ aumentou o número de usuários no sistema, possibilitando maior integração modal, com destaque para os moradores do outro lado da Baía de Guanabara, possibilitando um maior número de viagens e causando impacto significativo no padrão de viagens. Através dos resultados obtidos com este trabalho, foi é possível entender e observar a importância de sistemas de integração tarifária e a mobilidade urbana, para a melhoria dos deslocamentos dentro de um contexto urbano. Isto porque, com a crescente busca de soluções alternativas para o descontentamento da população em relação ao transporte rodoviário urbano de passageiros o transporte hidroviário tem o potencial para ser o ponto de partida para a recuperação da confiança nos sistemas de transporte público.
Análisis de envolventes térmicas en el sur de Chile y su influencia en la demanda energética y emisiones de $CO_2$
(2018) Carpio Martínez, Manuel; Villanueva, Eduardo
Chile, como la mayoría de los países, presenta un crecimiento continuo en la demanda de energía. Se han fomentado las políticas nacionales relacionadas al ahorro energético en el sector residencial. Una de las soluciones para mejorar el rendimiento energético de las edificaciones es disminuir la perdida de energía a través de la envolvente. En Chile, los requisitos de construcción los reglamenta la Ordenanza General de Urbanismo y Construcción. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar como diferentes soluciones constructivas tradicionales de la envolvente térmica influyen en la demanda energética y en las emisiones de CO2 en el sur de Chile. Tomando como casos de estudio las capitales regionales de las regiones más australes. La parte analítica de esta investigación consideró una vivienda unifamiliar y 9 tipos de envolventes térmicas tradicionales en que el registro de éstas data de edificaciones construidas desde antes de 1960 hasta la actualidad. Estos modelos fueron simulados en 5 zonas térmicas, obteniendo 45 casos de estudio. La temperatura de confort de las viviendas fue de 20 a 24°C. Los resultados muestran que existe una correlación lineal entre la demanda energética y emisiones de CO2. Se concluye que se puede llegar a reducir la demanda energética un 293% en la zona más cálida y un 248% en la zona más fría construyendo con una solución térmica que cumpla con los requisitos de la reglamentación
Análisis y diseño del Hospital Militar
(2002) Stagno, Patricio; Frerk, Jaime; Stagno, Daniel; Rendic, Percy; Iturriaga, Waldo; Llera Martín, Juan Carlos de la; Lüders, Carl; Sady, Henry; Guendelman, Tomás; Guendelman, Mario; Lindenberg, Jorge; Astudillo, Misael; Boroschek, Rubén
Este artículo describe brevemente algunos resultados del análisis y diseño del edificio placa-técnica del nuevo Hospital Militar ubicado en la comuna de la Reina en Santiago. Dicho edificiocuenta con una superficie cercana a los 50 mil metros cuadrados. Por brevedad, se enfatizaúnicamente aquellos aspectos más novedosos de su diseño, entre ellos, el del sistema de aislaciónsísmica basado en el uso de aisladores elastoméricos. A la fecha, este edificio es el más grande quehaya sido proyectado con aislación sísmica en América Latina. Se discuten además aspectosgenerales de la modelación estructural del edificio y los resultados más importantes del análisisdinámico realizado. En particular, se comparan las respuestas para un modelo tridimensional deledificio con el supuesto de comportamiento lineal equivalente y no-lineal del sistema de aislación
Analytical and experimental response of asymmetric structures with frictional and viscoelastic dampers
(2004) Llera Martin, Juan Carlos de la; Almazán Campillay, José Luis; Vial, Ignacio; Ceballos, Victor; García, Marcos
This article summarizes analytical and experimental results of linear asymmetric structures with frictional and viscoelastic dampers. Such energy dissipation devices may prove useful in controlling the uneven deformation demand occurring in structural members of torsionally unbalanced structures. Torsional balance is defined as a property of an asymmetric structure that leads to similar deformation demand in structural members equidistant from the geometric center of the building plan. It can be defined in a strong or a weak form. The latter, which allows for rotation of the building plan, only implies an equal norm of the displacement demand at resisting planes symmetric with respect to the geometric center. In general, it can be achieved by the use of energy dissipation devices by making the so-called empirical center of balance of the structure to lie on top of the geometric center. Shaking table results conducted on a mass and stiffness asymmetric six-story model with frictional dampers support the analytical results and the concept of weak torsional balance. Similar results may be extended to the use of viscoelastic dampers as well as for inelastic multistory asymmetric structures.
Are all engineering students capable of recognizing ethical and professional issues? An assessment approach to Engineering ethics
(2017) Hilliger Carrasco, Isabel; Strello Toledo, Andrés Ignacio; Castro, Ignacio; Pérez San Agustín, Mar
Engineering schools offer ethical training along with the transfer of technical knowledge and the development of other professional skills. The primary objective of this training is to prepare engineering graduates to face diverse ethical issues in the workplace. Thus, exhaustive information is needed to assess whether students are able to recognize potential conflicts that may arise during practice. Despite its importance, there are few studies about the assessment of this ability. This study presents a sequential mixed methodology to assess rigorously the ethics teaching and learning experience in a selective engineering school in Chile. First, we interviewed school authorities, faculty and undergraduate students about their perceptions of the school’s approaches to teach ethics. Second, we designed a quantitative instrument to measure students’ ability to recognize ethical and professional issues, to accept personal responsibility, to be aware of ethical codes, and to obtain learning benefits from different ethics training activities. Significant differences were found in individual ethical reasoning to identify issues by gender and socioeconomic status. Implications regarding improvement actions in the research site were discussed. Additionally, considerations for adopting the assessment approach by other institutions were also presented.
Assessment of Convolutional Neural Networks for Asset Detection in Dynamic Automation Construction Environments
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Guaman-Rivera R.; Menendez, Osvaldo; Arevalo Ramírez, Tito Andre; Aro K.; Prado A.; Garcia-Alvarado R.; Auat-Cheein F.
Integrating social robotics into the construction industry, particularly in the context of Industry 5.0, faces several challenges in creating complex environments that seamlessly blend human and machine interactions. In this regard, the emergence of intelligent and expert systems holds promising technologies to enhance construction tasks focused on robots and workers in 3D printing applications. This work compares several methods of convolutional neural network-based object detectors designed to identify distinct construction assets and workers within the dynamic environment of 3D printing. To this end, different versions of the You Only Look Once v8 (YOLO v8) algorithm have been implemented, trained, and experimentally tested using several images captured within dynamic construction environments. Furthermore, we present an in-depth comparison between YOLO v8 and its preceding versions, namely YOLO v7 and YOLO v5. Experimental results disclosed the high performance of the proposed approach in effectively detecting three distinct entities (workers, robotic platforms, and building elements), achieving a precision rate of up to 98.8%.
Barred-beach morphological control on infragravity motion
(2012) Almar, R.; Cienfuegos Carrasco, Rodrigo Alberto; Gonzalez, Eduardo; Catalán, P.; Michallet, H.; Bonneton, P.; Castelle, B.; Suarez, L.
A conceptual analysis of the coupling between bars and infragravity waves is performed combining laboratory experiments and numerical modeling. Experiments are carried out in a wave flume with a barred profile. The Boussinesq fully-nonlinear model SERR1D is validated with the laboratory data and a sensitivity analysis is performed next to study the influence on the infragravity wave dynamics of bar amplitude and location, and swash zone slope. A novel technique of incident and reflected motions separation that conserves temporal characteristics is applied. We observe that changing bar characteristics induces substantial variations in trapped energy. Interestingly, a modification of swash zone slope has a large influence on the reflected component, controlling amplitude and phase time-lag, and consequently on the resonant pattern. Variations of trapped infragravity energy induced by changes of swash zone slope reach 25 %. These changes in infragravity pattern consequently affect short-wave dynamics by modifying the breakpoint location and the breaking intensity. Our conceptual investigation suggests the existence of a morphological feedback through the action of evolving morphology on infragravity structures which modulates the action of short-waves on the morphology itself.
Board 119: Pre-engineering Programs and the Instillment of Empowering Abilities for Minorities: the Case of the SaviaLab Program
(2019) Miranda Mendoza, Constanza; Goñi, Julian; Fuenzalida Quilodrán, Hellen Massiel
This is a Work in Progress. In this article, we will seek to present one of the few exemplars in Chile that can be considered a pre-engineering program. The national program of Savialab. Savialab just recently won the GEDC Diversity Award granted by Airbus and the Engineering Deans Council. We’ll briefly present Savialab’s methodology and describe its participants. Finally, we’ll describe our ongoing research methodology proposed to evaluate the programs impact as a genuine pre-engineering program. STEM study programs have become increasingly relevant in modern societies as they’re considered vehicles for economic and social development. Nonetheless, one of the major concerns in STEM education is the lack of adequate representation of minorities groups in these programs. Examples of this are women, low-income, rural or first-generation students, and ethnic minorities and other social identities typically underrepresented in STEM. To overcome these challenges, many public and private initiatives have been deployed. Among these, engineering schools in the US have developed educational programs to instill engineering abilities in pre-college students. These programs have been called pre-engineering programs. Although there are a significant number of articles showing the positive impact of pre-engineering, there is still concern about the lack of standards in instructional designs. In spite of the fact that ‘pre-engineering’ as a concept is becoming more broadly employed in the US, it hasn’t really reached popularity in Latin America, nor in Chile in particular
Can Advanced Work Packaging Become a Lean Method?
(2023) Sepulveda Solari, Italo Gerald; Alarcón Cárdenas, Luis Fernando; Barkokebas, Beda
Advanced Work Packaging (AWP) is rapidly becoming a popular methodology to improve efficiency in construction projects. It is an innovative approach to project management that focuses on the planning, organization, and control of construction tasks on the job site is based on the idea that by organizing work effectively and reducing lead times, it is possible to maximize efficiency and productivity in construction. Nevertheless, Lean Construction (LC) practitioners identified significant shortcomings in AWP such as the lack of attention to buffers while arguing that this methodology is not effective in a practical setting. In this context, this research presents a literature review identifying the criticism of LC practitioners to AWP while identifying similarities and possible synergies where both approaches can complement each other to render better results during the delivery of construction projects. This research identifies the implementation of the Last Planner System® (LPS®) as means to address significant AWP shortcomings identified by LC practitioners while taking advantage of AWP’s structured approach to better apply LC concepts. Therefore, the identified synergies and combination of both approaches will contribute to more efficient processes and improvement of construction practices.

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