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- ItemA Family of Discrete Kernels for Presmoothing Test Score Distributions(Springer, 2024) González Burgos, Jorge Andrés; Wiberg, MarieIn the fields of educational measurement and testing, score distributions are often estimated by the sample relative frequency distribution. As many score distributions are discrete and may have irregularities, it has been common practice to use presmoothing techniques to correct for such irregularities of the score distributions. A common way to conduct presmoothing has been to use log-linear models. In this chapter, we introduce a novel class of discrete kernels that can effectively estimate the probability mass function of scores, providing a presmoothing solution. The chapter includes an empirical illustration demonstrating that the proposed discrete kernel estimates perform as well as or better than the existing methods like log-linear models in presmoothing score distributions. The practical implications of this finding are discussed, highlighting the potential benefits of using discrete kernels in educational measurement contexts. Additionally, the chapter identifies several areas for further research, indicating opportunities for advancing the field’s methodology and practices.
- ItemEl compromiso escolar como mediador en la relación entre las dimensiones de Covitalidad y logro escolar(2024) Angulo Gallo, Lisandra; Varela Torres, Jorge Javier; Berger Silva, Christian; Guzmán Martínez, Paulina; Hidalgo Canales, Roy; Cuevas Pavincich, Francisca; Valdivia, María Belén; Hernández, CristóbalLa Covitalidad integra varios rasgos y habilidades relacionados entre sí, generando un funcionamiento positivo en todas las áreas de la vida de la persona. Una mayor experiencia de covitalidad pudiera llevar a mejores indicadores escolares, a través de aumentar el compromiso escolar de los estudiantes, sin embargo, esta hipótesis requiere ser contrastada a través de la evidencia empírica. El estudio realizado tuvo como objetivo estimar el efecto mediador del compromiso escolar en la relación entre las diversas dimensiones de la covitalidad y el logro escolar, por medio de Path Analysis.
- ItemThe Prototype as a Cosmopolitical Place: Ethnographic design practice and research at the National Zoo in Santiago, Chile(2016) Hermansen Ulibarri, Pablo Ignacio; Neira, JoséThis article presents an empirical reflection about the design of prototypes and the individualization of some animals at the National Zoo in Santiago, Chile. Using the material produced by design students, we describe how the process of prototyping contributes to singularize those animals, therefore becoming a cosmopolitical device. The environmental enrichment for chimpanzees case will demonstrate how prototyping displays a truly ontological vocation, establishing open processes of dialogue and experimentation. Its provisional, malleable and fragile nature turns the prototype into a locus for inquiry and exploration; its cosmopolitical qualities derived from its many forms of ontological diplomacy: instead of stabilizing properties, it constantly re-specifies its conditions for verification. Finally, we attempt to develop the thesis of the prototype as a cosmopolitical device and its implications on design research as well as a way to intervene the world.
- ItemTesting of strong multi-layered wood frame shear walls with non-structural layers(2023) Valdivieso Cascante, Diego Nicolas; López-García González, Diego; Montaño Castañeda, Jairo Alonso; Guindos Bretones, PabloIn areas of high seismic activity it is important to provide Light Frame Timber Buildings (LFTBs) with enhanced levels of lateral stiffness and strength, as well as to prevent excessive levels of non-structural (NSC) damage. Chilean wood-frame shear walls are usually sheathed at both sides with OSB and covered by one/two-ply type X gypsum wallboard (GWB) fastened to the frame with narrow patterns of nails or screws. The result is a multi-layered strong shear wall (MLSSW), which is not considered as such by design codes and mechanical models. The objective of this paper is to report an experimental evaluation of typical Chilean MLSSWs, with emphasis on the influence of NSCs. Connection-level and assembly-level of 1:1 aspect ratio shear walls were evaluated through experimental tests. Results showed increments of 53% and 160% in elastic stiffness and maximum capacity, respectively, while keeping virtually the same deformation capacity and energy dissipation of equivalent bare (non-GWB finished) shear walls. It is postulated that such increases may arise from the high embedment strength of the GWB, and that the deeply screwed GWB may prevent nails from pulling out during hysteresis cycles. It is concluded that GWBs have a significant structural influence on MLSSWs, and such influence should be taken into account in structural design.
- ItemTesting the influence of 3D coupling effects on the lateral response of non-planar T-shape wood frame shear walls(2023) Valdivieso Cascante, Diego Nicolas; López-García, González Diego; Almazán Campillay, José Luis; Montaño Castañeda, Jairo Alonso; Guindos Bretones, PabloCumulative shear wall overturning (CSWO) is a common response of structural models of multistory Light-Frame Timber Buildings (LFTBs) under lateral loads. Governed by holdown uplift and shear wall (SW) bending, large CSWO occurs in LFTBs due to the light self-weight of wood and the dominant rocking flexibility of stiff SWs. Even though CSWO is paramount in seismic design because of its effect on the flexibility of LFTBs (making hard to achieve the inter-story drift limits), this phenomenon is not incorporated into the structural models of LFTBs. For instance, in the design of LFTBs for lateral loads it is assumed that SWs behave as planar isolated elements. However, CSWO may be influenced by 3D coupling effects (3D-SWCE) in non-planar SWs such as T or L assemblies. This paper describes a large full-scale experiment of a 7.32 m x 5.1 m assembly, performed to gather insight into 3D-SWCEs through the cyclic evaluation of a non-planar T-shape SW. Results showed an asymmetric behaviour of the T-shape SW with increments of 20% and 98% in elastic stiffness and maximum capacity, respectively, with respect to those of a planar SW. It is concluded that 3D-SWCEs have a significant structural influence on the response of LFTBs.