Artículos de conferencia

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A fast and self-adaptive on-line learning detection system
(2018) Prasad, M.; Zheng, D.-R.; Mery Quiroz, Domingo Arturo; Puthal, D.; Sundaram, S.; Lin, C.-T.
Accuracy Assessment of The Urban Land Surface Temperature Calculation Based on Landsat-8/Oli Data (Case Study: Coyhaique, Chile)
(IEEE, 2019) Verichev, Konstantin; Mikhaylyukova, Polina; Salimova, Alisa; Salazar, Cristian; Carpio Martínez, Manuel
The relationship between the values of the surface temperature retrieved from the Landsat-8/OLI satellite data and the values of the atmospheric temperature measured by NETAMO sensors in the urban environment of the Coyhaique city (Oct.2017Sep.2018) was analyzed.Based on the five satellite (one winter, one spring and three summer) images, the coefficient of the linear relationship determination between the two types of temperature was 0.85.
Application of MM5/CALMET/CAMx in Santiago, Chile
(2003) Jorquera, Héctor; Castro, Julio; Escobar, Jaime; Jakobs, Hermann
The Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions (CAMx) has been applied to two summer photochemical episodes in the greater metro area of Santiago, Chile. It is shown that the CAMx model predicts reasonably well the spatial gradients of gaseous pollutants and the weekly cycle of variation for CO and NOx. The emission estimates for CO seem to be quite on agreement with actual emissions in 2000. NOx emissions are more appropriate for the 1998 scenario, whereas for 2000 they seem to overestimate actual emissions, so the mobile sources emission factors need to be verified. The SO2 simulations indicate that there relevant sources not accounted for in the inventory. There are problems with the VOC emissions for the area sources, because the model predictions for ozone are quite below what is being observed, for all network stations in 1998, a scenario with reliable NOx simulated levels. For the 2000 scenario, this problem is worsened because of excessive ozone scavenging. When we use the results of a comprehensive VOC campaign to produce a synthetic VOC profile of emissions for the whole city, simulated ozone gets closer to ambient measurements for the 1998 scenario. For the 2000 scenario, the overestimation in the simulated NOx levels is large enough to prevent any significant ozone sensitivity with respect to VOC increases. All things considered, CAMx has passed the "proof of the concept" for studying photochemical episodes at Santiago, Chile. The major sources of uncertainty are the emission inventory estimates for NOx and VOC. As a second source of uncertainty, meteorology was not properly represented on the second half of the January 1998 episode, and there are some problems with the stations closer to the Andes foothills overnight, particularly regarding ozone nocturnal profiles, that deserve further research.
Big data and policy making: between real time management and the experimental dimension of policies
(2019) Concilio, Grazia; Pucci, Paola; Vecchio, Giovanni; Lanza, Giovanni; Misra, Sanjay; Gervasi, Osvaldo; Murgante, Beniamino; Stankova, Elena; Korkhov, Vladimir; Torre, Carmelo; Rocha, Ana Maria A.C.; Taniar, David; Apduhan, Bernady O.; Tarantino, Eufemia; CEDEUS (Chile)
Building a geographic data repository for urban research with free software - Learning from Observatorio.Cedeus.cl
(2017) Steiniger, Stefan; De La Fuente, H.; Fuentes, C.; Barton Jonathan Richard; Muñoz Abogabir, Juan Carlos; CEDEUS (Chile)
The recent trend towards open data and open science as well as a demand for holistic and interdisciplinary research requires platforms that allow the distribution and exchange of research data, including geographic information. While the requirements and benefits of data exchange are widely discussed, there are few proposals on how to implement data platforms that not only permit the exchange of research data among researchers, but also permit to distribute research results and data to the interest public. We elaborate what points are important for implementing a (geographic) data repository and propose then to adopt the concept of Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) as a solution for the implementation of research data repositories. We present as a case study the geographic data and document repository of the Chilean research Centre on Sustainable Urban Development (CEDEUS), the CEDEUS Observatory. Besides the infrastructure to host and distribute data, communication tools are an important component of such a data repository service. For this case study we analyse which things have worked well and which things have not worked well based on the experiences collected during three years of operation. We close with some recommendations for the implementation of data repositories for research.
Classifying Drivers' Behavior in Public Transport using Inertial Measurement Units and Decision Trees
(IEEE, 2018) Catalán Salas, Hernán Felipe; Löbel Díaz, Hans-Albert; Herrera Maldonado, Juan Carlos
Santiago's public transit system uses a Passenger Service Quality Index (ICA) to measure the quality of service offered by buses companies. Parts of this index are related to bus driver's behavior, and are obtained in a superficial and very subjective manner. The main objective of this research is to formulate a new methodology that uses data provided by inertial measurement units to classify drivers' behavior. This is achieved by means of a classification method: decision trees. Data are collected to evaluate the method and results show that the use of decision trees delivers good performance and an interpretable output that allows further analysis. The proposal uses elements from the ICA index and produces a methodology that is simple, objective and capable of being implemented on a large scale with good performance at a low cost.
Development of a prefabricated arched slab system for a pedestrian pathway: a sustainable strategy in the Huasco landscape, Chile
(International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures (IASS), 2024) Calvo, Cristián; Moreno Flores, Osvaldo; Eugenin Soto, Claudia; Loyola Fernández, Estefanía Francisca
This paper presents a case study on the development of a pedestrian pathway in Huasco, Chile, with the aim of reconciling construction practices with environmental conservation. The study is situated in a context that demands mitigation measures for a mine tailings deposit site. A novel, eco-conscious construction methodology is introduced. Prefabricated arched slabs are a sustainable alternative to traditional foundation blocks. They are specifically designed to minimize disturbance on the region's vulnerable rocky terrain. The methodology involves designing and fabricating an arched slab. This slab is designed to rest on the ground with minimal intrusion, thereby preserving the topsoil. A novel material innovation in this methodology is the partial replacement of cement with mine tailings, reducing the dependency on conventional cement and promoting the recycling of industrial waste. A two-module arched slab prototype has been successfully assembled under controlled laboratory conditions. This prototype serves as an evaluation of the practicality and effectiveness of newly proposed materials and techniques. The concrete mix, which incorporates mine tailings, was assessed, and found to be a structurally sound and environmentally friendly alternative. The article describes the process of designing and fabricating a prototype and highlights the potential of such sustainable practices in contemporary construction methods. It suggests that if these innovative techniques were more widely adopted, they could transform the fields of ecological architecture and landscaping.
Examining the role of urban form in supporting rapid and safe tsunami evacuations: A multi-scalar analysis in Viña del Mar, Chile
(2018) León, Jorge; Mokrani, Cyril; Catalán, Patricio; Cienfuegos Carrasco, Rodrigo Alberto; Femenías, Carolina
Cities are increasingly becoming hot-spots for nature-originated disasters. While the role of the urban built environment in fostering disaster resilience has been recognized for some time, it has been difficult to translate this potential into practice. This is especially challenging in the case of rapid onset crises such as near-field tsunamis, when appropriate urban forms have to support the populations' ability to autonomously carry out safe and timely responses. In this respect, much of current research remains focused on large-scale elements of urban configuration (streets, squares, parks, etc.) through which people move during an emergency. In contrast, the critical micro-scale of evacuees' experiences within the built environment is not commonly examined. This paper addresses this shortfall through a macro- and micro-scale analysis of a near-field tsunami scenario affecting the city of Villa del Mar, Chile, including a mixed-methods approach that combines computer-based models and fieldwork. The results show significant macro-scale tsunami vulnerability throughout major areas of the city, which nonetheless could be mitigated by existing nearby high ground and an urban form that allows short evacuation times. However, micro-scale outcomes show comparatively deficient spatial conditions that during an emergency might lead to dangerous outcomes including bottlenecks, falls and panic. Vertical evacuation, in turn, is confirmed as a suitable option for reducing vulnerability, but further examination of each shelter's characteristics is required. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Inelastic dynamic analysis of a prestressed reinforced concrete frame
(Taylor & Francis Group, 2016) Vásquez González, Jorge Andrés; Llera Martín, Juan Carlos de la; Rendel, Michael
Customary Seismic design assumes a reduced design spectrum with a certain ductility level of the structure. Although proven successful, the design method provides little information about the inelastic behavior of a structure, which is expected to be large in severe earthquakes. This study deals with the inelastic dynamic response analysis of a large prestressed building to be constructed in Chile. Because of regularity of the structure, a 2D reinforced concrete frame was modeled using fiber elements regularized with a modified stress-strain constitutive relationship using the software Opensees. Therefore, damage may occur anywhere along the element characterized by variable reinforcing steel and internal forces. Results of the inelastic analysis show that inelastic deformations localize in a few places around the nodes, but the building is able to withstand a maximum credible earthquake demand without collapse.
Justicia socio-ambiental y sostenibilidad en el crecimiento de las ciudades medias de Chillán y Los Ángeles (Chile)
(2009) Henríquez, Cristián; Arenas, Federico; Romero Aravena, Hugo; Azócar Garcia, Gerardo
El cambio en los patrones de crecimiento urbano de algunas ciudades medias latinoamericanas se ha caracterizado por el paso raudo de una morfología compacta, propia de la ciudad colonial, a una estructura fragmentada que acentúa no solo las diferencias sociales, sino también ambientales, entre sus diferentes áreas. El proceso de reestructuración urbana de estas ciudades se puede clasificar como no sustentable, en la medida que favorece la segregación social, el consumo de recursos y la degradación del medio ambiente. Las evidencias de que los sectores sociales más vulnerables reciben en forma desproporcionada los efectos ambientales adversos han llevado a plantear la necesidad de recuperar el concepto de justicia socio-ambiental en la configuración de la ciudad actual, caracterizada por las enormes diferencias entre los grupos más acomodados, que disfrutan de mejores amenidades ambientales en el periurbano, y que a la vez producen fuertes impactos sobre el medio, y los grupos más desposeídos que viven en condiciones de alta vulnerabilidad natural y social. El objetivo de esta comunicación es caracterizar este fenómeno en las ciudades de Chillán y Los Ángeles, considerando como ilustraciones de la falta de justicia socioambiental e insostenibilidad urbana la segregación social, la pérdida de suelo agrícola y la ocurrencia de inundaciones.
La Nueva Agenda Urbana en la docencia y las políticas de planificación chilena: Una mirada crítica desde la Economía Política
(2018) Ruiz-Tagle, Javier; López, Ernesto
Varias críticas se han levantado en Latinoamérica y el mundo respecto de la Nueva Agenda Urbana, por su exceso de ilusiones futuras, su falta de historicidad sobre problemas pasados y presentes, y su falta de elementos concretos para implementarla. Pese a su falta de horizonte político en temas cruciales como el suelo urbano, resulta extraño que este documento siga siendo un referente de la enseñanza de la planificación en Latinoamérica. El predominio de ‘conceptos pegajosos’ en la discursividad urbana -como la resiliencia, la seguridad, la inclusión y la sustentabilidad- nos ha hecho vulnerables a la asimilación de temáticas sin contenido político, o peor aún, a la aceptación de sofisticadas retóricas que -envueltas en un aura de progresismo- no cuestionan el modelo económico actual, ni mucho menos aspiran a un cambio de paradigma. Este artículo toma las críticas que se han levantado hacia la Nueva Agenda Urbana, y así revisa algunos discursos presentes tanto en la presentación de cursos de pre y postgrado en planificación, como en documentos de debate público sobre políticas urbanas, de modo de ilustrar la forma en que algunos conceptos clave son presentados. Ante esto, el artículo presenta el paradigma de la Economía Política Urbana como uno que examina cómo los procesos materiales de producción e intercambio influyen y son influidos por decisiones tomadas en instituciones políticas y económicas. Una serie de problemas han sido estudiados por este paradigma, como son el rol que juega el suelo urbano en el capitalismo, el rol de los conglomerados financiero-inmobiliarios en la producción urbana, incluyendo el sistema mundial de inversión inmobiliaria y de infraestructura, movimientos sociales urbanos alrededor de la reproducción social, coaliciones público-privadas para la dinamización del mercado inmobiliario y de megaproyectos, entre otros. Todo esto se desarrolla en función de algunos problemas contemporáneos del mercado residencial en Chile, y del caso específico de la producción de ‘mega-edificios’ en áreas centrales de Santiago. Se pretende así re-evaluar la influencia de la Nueva Agenda Urbana en la enseñanza de la planificación en Chile.
New variables for detecting transport disadvantages. The role of social capital
(2016) di Ciommo, Floridea; Ortuzar Salas, Juan De Dios; Comendador, Julio; CEDEUS (Chile)
Overstrength of 3D fully modeled RC shear wall buildings
(2018) Ugalde Bedoya, David Guillermo; Parra, P. F.; López-García, D.
Many reinforced concrete shear wall buildings subjected to the Mw 8.8 2010 Chile earthquake suffered no damage even though they were subjected to seismic demands significantly larger than the design strength. Analytical studies previously conducted by the authors on undamaged buildings, however, showed that linearly elastic demands due to ground motions recorded during the 2010 Chile earthquake exceed the capacity of many walls. This dichotomy between empirical evidence and results given by linear analysis highlights the need for non-linear analysis to accurately assess the strength of wall buildings. In this paper, an actual wall building not damaged by the 2010 Chile earthquake is analyzed with non-linear techniques to assess the amount of overstrength and to evaluate the response to the 2010 Chile earthquake. Non-linear pushover and time history analyses were performed. Results given by pushover analysis indicate large values of overstrength (greater than 3.4) that are very sensitive to the shear stiffness of the walls and to soil-structure interaction, but not to other modeling issues. The global response of the building is essentially unaffected by damage up to a roof drift ratio roughly equal to 0.004, which is similar to the roof displacement demand imposed by the recorded ground motions. When the rigid body rotation is accounted for, interstory drift ratios obtained from time history analysis are smaller than immediate occupancy limits, which is consistent with the actual lack of damage. It is then concluded that non-linear analysis is indeed necessary to realistically analyze the response of reinforced concrete shear wall buildings subjected to large seismic demands, even of those that remained undamaged.
PEERING THROUGH THE DUST: PRECISE ASTROMETRY IN THE GALACTIC MID-PLANE WITH THE VVV SURVEY
(2015) Lucas, PW; Smart, RL; Jones, HRA; Kurtev, R; Beamin Muhlenbrock, Juan Carlos; Borissova, J.; Gromadzki, Grzegorz; Ivanov, Valentin; Minniti, Dante; Pinfield, DJ
Gaia will see little of the Galactic mid-plane and nuclear bulge due to high extinction at optical wavelengths. To study the structure and kinematics of the inner Galaxy we must look to longer wavelengths. The Vista Variables in the Via Lactea (VVV, Minniti et al. 2010) survey currently provides just over 4 years of observations covering approximately 560 square degrees of the Galactic bulge and plane. Typically each source is observed 50-150 times in the Ks band over this period. Using these data we provide relative proper motions for approximately 200 million unique sources down to Ks similar to 16 with uncertainties approaching 1 mas yr(-1). In addition, we fit a solution of the parallactic motion of all sources with significant proper motion and discover a number of new nearby brown dwarfs. These results will allow us to identify faint common proper motion companions to stars with Gaia parallaxes, increasing the number of brown dwarf benchmark objects. Our absolute astrometric calibration precision is currently similar to 2 mas yr(-1), based on PPMXL. The Gaia absolute astrometric reference grid will allow us to precisely anchor our results and measure the streaming motions of stars in the bulge. Finally, we anticipate that the catalogue could provide kinematic distances to the numerous optically invisible high amplitude variable stars that VVV is discovering.
Potential of Mid-Rise Social Residential Buildings to Reach Net Zero Energy Building Standard in Two Different Climates of Chile
(International Building Performance Simulation Association, 2020) Tori Kendall, Felipe Andrés; Vera, Sergio; Bustamante Gómez, Waldo Enrique; Sills, Pablo; CEDEUS (Chile)
The Net Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB) are a real solution to reduce the energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions generated by the building sector. Thus, many developed countries have conducted different studies for the development of public policies that encourage the implementation of NZEB. Chile adopted as environmental goal for the coming years reducing the GHG emissions by 30%, but the instruments to accomplish them have not been clearly defined. The NZEB might be a key strategy to reduce the GHG emissions. However, there are no studies that evaluate the performance of NZEB in Chile. The aim of this research is to determine the potential of mid-rise social residential buildings to reach the NZEB standard in Santiago and La Serena. In particular, mid-rise social buildings are selected as representative for this study through the use of a multi-criteria matrix. The electric consumption of buildings and photovoltaic production are simulated in EnergyPlus. The optimizations of the energy efficiency measures and the configurations of the photovoltaic systems are carried out in GenOpt. The results show that mid-rise social residential buildings are very close to reach the NZEB standard and through the optimized energy efficiency measures, the electric consumption of the building is reduced by up to 28%. Therefore, mid-rise social residential buildings have potential to reach NZEB standard but other measures must be studied.
Preferences in the metropolitan region about local solar PV
(2019) Sauma Santis, Enzo Enrique; Farthing, Amanda; Fuentes González, Fabián Andrés
We study the preferences in the city of Santiago of Chile about local Solar PV energy. We use an online survey (distributed during August and October 2018, with 99 valid responses) to identify prevalent perceptions, barriers, and opportunities related to local solar PV projects in the Santiago Metropolitan Region of Chile. We analyze survey results to explore heterogeneity in willingness to pay for energy from a local solar project and willingness to devote time to community led solar developments. Results can provide a better understanding of who is and is not interested in local solar energy options, informing public policy makers.
Sobrepasar la hoja en blanco: cómo avanzar en regeneración barrial y consolidación de comunidades en barrios tipo 9x18
(2023) Tapia Vera-Cruz, Nestor Rodrigo; Muñoz, Sebastián; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Universidad de Chile
¿Pueden seguir la ciudad y las políticas públicas promoviendo un crecimiento extensivo, en baja densidad, de poblamiento sucesivo de las periferias, ocupando suelos vírgenes? ¿Es sostenible un modelo que hace a las personas viajar cotidianamente largas distancias, que multiplica los servicios y exige la extensión de todas las redes de suministro? ¿Quieren los nuevos núcleos familiares que requieren una vivienda, alejarse de sus redes familiares y vecinales, así como de las oportunidades de una ciudad más conectada e integrada? Estas son las cuestiones que hemos abordado como Laboratorio 9x18 por muchos años. Comenzando por la exploración en lotes 9x18 para acoger de mejor manera a las familias allegadas o en cohabitación, radicándolas en el mismo lote donde hoy residen, propusimos al MINVU el 2012 un nuevo programa de Condominios Familiares, que permite mantener las redes familiares y vecinales ubicando de 3 a 5 viviendas en cada terreno, dependiendo de los grupos familiares y las jerarquías y relaciones viales. Conocido como programa de Pequeños Condominios,actualmente comienza a levantar nuevas tipologías residenciales en algunos barrios en distintas ciudades de Chile. El 2020 avanzamos en un modelo de intervención en barrios tipo 9x18 que lograra detonar con la comunidad residente y el municipio en el centro, procesos de regeneración urbana, contemplando escalas supra e intra barriales de asociatividad. Un proyecto de largo aliento que integra el espacio público y privado a través de lo común, que factibiliza el territorio física, económica, social y legalmente, a través de planes barriales como el que se impulsa hoy en Lo Hermida al alero de la Ley de Integración Social y Urbana. Revisaremos el trabajo que ha venido realizando el Laboratorio 9x18 UC y cómo este se ha entrelazado con la discusión pública y el desarrollo de programas de política pública en vivienda y barrio.
Sustainable Water Management in Urban Environment: Green Roof Experience in Semiarid Climate
(IAHR-International Association of Hydro-Environment Engineering Research, 2015) Reyes Piña, Fermín Rodolfo; Vera Araya, Sergio Eduardo; Victorero Castaño, Felipe Andres; Bustamante Gómez, Waldo; Gironás León, Jorge Alfredo; Rojas, Victoria; Bonilla Meléndez, Carlos Alberto; CEDEUS (Chile)
Most green roofs have been studied and built in humid climates, with many benefits such as thermal isolation and biodiversity. However, little is known about their performance in arid and semiarid climates where irrigation system affects the sustainability of this technology. In order to improve the water efficiency and get a sustainable water management, five 4-m2 modules of vegetated roofs were instrumented and monitored to evaluate the irrigation water requirements during the first year in Santiago, Chile (33 degrees 26 ' S, 70 degrees 39 ' W, 570 MASL). Based on the water retention properties, the maximum soil available water was 10%, the permanent wilting point was 17% and 27% at field capacity. Three substrate depths (5-cm, 10-cm and 20-cm) and three commercial drainage systems found in Chile were evaluated. The results showed that with the same drainage system and irrigation conditions, the substrate depth controls both, stored water and daily temperature oscillation during summer. While 5 and 10-cm substrates showed low water contents ( close to the minimum for plant survival) and peak temperatures (54 degrees C and 38 degrees C respectively), 20-cm substrate reached the minimum soil moisture only in days with high atmospheric demands reaching a peak soil temperature of 27 degrees C. To provide a better and sustainable condition for the 5-cm green roof modules, water retention capacity was incremented to resist the harsh summer atmospheric conditions. With a proper drainage system, substrate moisture in 5-cm green roof was equal or higher than the measured in the 20-cm green roof. However, peak temperatures were not reduced. Therefore, in addition to water requirements and plant species tolerance to drought and high temperatures, it is crucial to know the soil water retention properties and selecting a suitable type of drainage. These factors, along with the irrigation criterion, must be considered in order to get a sustainable water management on an urban green roof when built in semiarid climate.
Terrorists and hazmat: a methodology to identify potential routes
(2010) Garrido Hidalgo, Rodrigo Andrés; Bell, Michael; Haji Hosseinloo, Solmaz; Kanturska, Urszula
Ultracapacitors as unique energy storage for a city-car using five-level converter
(IEEE, 2009) Dixon Rojas, Juan; Bosch Castro, Sebastián Andrés; Castillo, C.; Mura Jornet, Maximiliano
A lightweight citycar, using five-level inverter and only ultracapacitors as energy storage is presented. Ultracapacitors (UCAPS) allow very fast charge and the five-level inverter permits to balance the discharge of UCAPS and also to improve the current waveforms that feed the traction motor. To get better efficiency, a brushless dc (BLDC) motor and a special control strategy is used. The main objective of this project is to be ready for replacing actual UCAPS for future elements using nanotechnology, which will be able to increase specific energy at list twenty times compared with actual UCAPS, keeping their fast charging characteristics and long cycle life.

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