Artículos de conferencia

Permanent URI for this collection

https://repositorio.uc.cl/handle/11534/23156

Browse

Browsing Artículos de conferencia by browse.metadata.categoriaods "13 Acción por el clima"

Now showing 1 - 10 of 10
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Accuracy Assessment of The Urban Land Surface Temperature Calculation Based on Landsat-8/Oli Data (Case Study: Coyhaique, Chile)
    (IEEE, 2019) Verichev, Konstantin; Mikhaylyukova, Polina; Salimova, Alisa; Salazar, Cristian; Carpio Martínez, Manuel
    The relationship between the values of the surface temperature retrieved from the Landsat-8/OLI satellite data and the values of the atmospheric temperature measured by NETAMO sensors in the urban environment of the Coyhaique city (Oct.2017Sep.2018) was analyzed.Based on the five satellite (one winter, one spring and three summer) images, the coefficient of the linear relationship determination between the two types of temperature was 0.85.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Application of MM5/CALMET/CAMx in Santiago, Chile
    (2003) Jorquera, Héctor; Castro, Julio; Escobar, Jaime; Jakobs, Hermann
    The Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions (CAMx) has been applied to two summer photochemical episodes in the greater metro area of Santiago, Chile. It is shown that the CAMx model predicts reasonably well the spatial gradients of gaseous pollutants and the weekly cycle of variation for CO and NOx. The emission estimates for CO seem to be quite on agreement with actual emissions in 2000. NOx emissions are more appropriate for the 1998 scenario, whereas for 2000 they seem to overestimate actual emissions, so the mobile sources emission factors need to be verified. The SO2 simulations indicate that there relevant sources not accounted for in the inventory. There are problems with the VOC emissions for the area sources, because the model predictions for ozone are quite below what is being observed, for all network stations in 1998, a scenario with reliable NOx simulated levels. For the 2000 scenario, this problem is worsened because of excessive ozone scavenging. When we use the results of a comprehensive VOC campaign to produce a synthetic VOC profile of emissions for the whole city, simulated ozone gets closer to ambient measurements for the 1998 scenario. For the 2000 scenario, the overestimation in the simulated NOx levels is large enough to prevent any significant ozone sensitivity with respect to VOC increases. All things considered, CAMx has passed the "proof of the concept" for studying photochemical episodes at Santiago, Chile. The major sources of uncertainty are the emission inventory estimates for NOx and VOC. As a second source of uncertainty, meteorology was not properly represented on the second half of the January 1998 episode, and there are some problems with the stations closer to the Andes foothills overnight, particularly regarding ozone nocturnal profiles, that deserve further research.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Examining the role of urban form in supporting rapid and safe tsunami evacuations: A multi-scalar analysis in Viña del Mar, Chile
    (2018) León, Jorge; Mokrani, Cyril; Catalán, Patricio; Cienfuegos Carrasco, Rodrigo Alberto; Femenías, Carolina
    Cities are increasingly becoming hot-spots for nature-originated disasters. While the role of the urban built environment in fostering disaster resilience has been recognized for some time, it has been difficult to translate this potential into practice. This is especially challenging in the case of rapid onset crises such as near-field tsunamis, when appropriate urban forms have to support the populations' ability to autonomously carry out safe and timely responses. In this respect, much of current research remains focused on large-scale elements of urban configuration (streets, squares, parks, etc.) through which people move during an emergency. In contrast, the critical micro-scale of evacuees' experiences within the built environment is not commonly examined. This paper addresses this shortfall through a macro- and micro-scale analysis of a near-field tsunami scenario affecting the city of Villa del Mar, Chile, including a mixed-methods approach that combines computer-based models and fieldwork. The results show significant macro-scale tsunami vulnerability throughout major areas of the city, which nonetheless could be mitigated by existing nearby high ground and an urban form that allows short evacuation times. However, micro-scale outcomes show comparatively deficient spatial conditions that during an emergency might lead to dangerous outcomes including bottlenecks, falls and panic. Vertical evacuation, in turn, is confirmed as a suitable option for reducing vulnerability, but further examination of each shelter's characteristics is required. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Live ANDES: Mobile-Cloud Shared Workspace for Citizen Science and Wildlife Conservation
    (IEEE, 2015) Bonacic Salas, Cristián; Neyem, Andrés; Vásquez Guerra, Andrea Fernanda
    One of the weakest points of scientific research is the loss of data. A tiny fraction of the information generated onsite is published or released to public knowledge, and many useful studies end up stored in papers or emails without being utilized. Live ANDES is a mobile-cloud shared workspace designed to address this problem, promoting citizen science, data collection and analysis for wildlife conservation. It works by gathering geo-localized data provided by the scientific community, amateur naturalists, park rangers and people at large through web and mobile applications. Live ANDES offers filters, visualization and download options to work with existing data. Researchers can use this new information to identify species, ranges of distribution, and detect key habitat factors and potential threats to their conservation. Live ANDES is implemented using the Backend as a Service pattern on Microsoft Azure to manage the processing of the large amounts of data generated from sightings. It includes an API for mobile and desktop clients hosted in an Azure Virtual Machine, cloud storage and connection with external services to complement the existing information about recorded sightings. This paper discusses Live ANDES software design, architecture and a study case, in order to demonstrate an actual application of data management in the cloud and its impact on conservation.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Nearshore bathymetric inversion from video using a fully non-linear Boussinesq wave model
    (2011) Cienfuegos Carrasco, Rodrigo Alberto; Almar, R.; Birrien, F.; Castelle, B.; Catalán, P.; Michallet, H.
    This paper presents a new depth inversion methodology from video imagery. The strength of the method is the use of a fully non-linear Boussinesq wave model in combination with a very complete video-derived laboratory wave observation that includes period, celerity and wave height. Compared to the previous use of wave dispersion formulas, here the better description of wave dynamics substantially improves bathymetry estimation. For the considered laboratory case, error on bathymetry is as small as 8 % whereas other formulations, shallow water or non-linear derived solution can only attain 24 % and 14 %, respectively. More in-depth analysis on the error shows a fair sensitivity on video-derived breaker height and describes the large contribution of non-linearities. The recent possibility of using Serre's dispersion relation in combination with video-derived wave height provides a reasonable performance and should be further envisaged for one-dimensional depth inversion. Future extensions of this work involve the use of a two-dimensional Boussinesq model to include more hydrodynamics processes such as wave-driven circulation over three-dimensional surfzone sandbars.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Potential of Mid-Rise Social Residential Buildings to Reach Net Zero Energy Building Standard in Two Different Climates of Chile
    (International Building Performance Simulation Association, 2020) Tori Kendall, Felipe Andrés; Vera, Sergio; Bustamante Gómez, Waldo Enrique; Sills, Pablo; CEDEUS (Chile)
    The Net Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB) are a real solution to reduce the energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions generated by the building sector. Thus, many developed countries have conducted different studies for the development of public policies that encourage the implementation of NZEB. Chile adopted as environmental goal for the coming years reducing the GHG emissions by 30%, but the instruments to accomplish them have not been clearly defined. The NZEB might be a key strategy to reduce the GHG emissions. However, there are no studies that evaluate the performance of NZEB in Chile. The aim of this research is to determine the potential of mid-rise social residential buildings to reach the NZEB standard in Santiago and La Serena. In particular, mid-rise social buildings are selected as representative for this study through the use of a multi-criteria matrix. The electric consumption of buildings and photovoltaic production are simulated in EnergyPlus. The optimizations of the energy efficiency measures and the configurations of the photovoltaic systems are carried out in GenOpt. The results show that mid-rise social residential buildings are very close to reach the NZEB standard and through the optimized energy efficiency measures, the electric consumption of the building is reduced by up to 28%. Therefore, mid-rise social residential buildings have potential to reach NZEB standard but other measures must be studied.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Preferences in the metropolitan region about local solar PV
    (2019) Sauma Santis, Enzo Enrique; Farthing, Amanda; Fuentes González, Fabián Andrés
    We study the preferences in the city of Santiago of Chile about local Solar PV energy. We use an online survey (distributed during August and October 2018, with 99 valid responses) to identify prevalent perceptions, barriers, and opportunities related to local solar PV projects in the Santiago Metropolitan Region of Chile. We analyze survey results to explore heterogeneity in willingness to pay for energy from a local solar project and willingness to devote time to community led solar developments. Results can provide a better understanding of who is and is not interested in local solar energy options, informing public policy makers.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Strawberry crop in extreme climatic zones of Chilean Patagonia
    (INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE, 2021) Gambardella, M.; Contreras, E.; Goma, C.; Grez, J.; Mezzetti, B; Battino, M; Baruzzi, G
    Chile is one of the main fresh fruit producing countries in the southern hemisphere; however, the strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier) cultivation area is small compared to that of other fruit species (approximately 2,000 ha year(-1)). Strawberry production is concentrated in the central and south-central zones of the country. About one-third of the Chilean strawberry production is exported to other countries frozen (IQF, individual quick freezing), and the other two-thirds are destined to the local Chilean fresh market. This species is socially important, because it is a profitable alternative for small farmers. Due to the increase in temperatures and water supply problems in traditional areas in Chile, crops are moving to the south. The Aysen Region (Chilean Patagonia between 43 degrees 38' and 49 degrees 16'S) have an intricate geography, with climates ranging from cold rainy to cold windy steppes and eternal glaciers, which generate isolation by land. It is a region with large areas of protected parks and low population density (108,328 inhabitants in 108,494 km(2)). Traditional agricultural activity has been sheep farming, but diversification toward more profitable crops is necessary. In addition, food for the local population must be improved, because of limited access to fresh fruits and vegetables. In this context, strawberry production was recently introduced in the region. Sixteen experimental fields of 1,000 m(2) were established in three representative areas: humid, intermediate and microclimate zones. The best production conditions for strawberries and other berries were studied. Open field and tunnel cultivation were performed using wind curtains. In both cases, a technical and economically viable production was demonstrated with 'Albion', 'Monterrey' and 'Cristal'. Although the yield was very low (15 t ha(-1)), the high prices during late spring and in summer make the crop a very good alternative for this area. In the future, production and techniques will be improved and short-day cultivars will be introduced to concentrate and increase productivity.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Sustainable Water Management in Urban Environment: Green Roof Experience in Semiarid Climate
    (IAHR-International Association of Hydro-Environment Engineering Research, 2015) Reyes Piña, Fermín Rodolfo; Vera Araya, Sergio Eduardo; Victorero Castaño, Felipe Andres; Bustamante Gómez, Waldo; Gironás León, Jorge Alfredo; Rojas, Victoria; Bonilla Meléndez, Carlos Alberto; CEDEUS (Chile)
    Most green roofs have been studied and built in humid climates, with many benefits such as thermal isolation and biodiversity. However, little is known about their performance in arid and semiarid climates where irrigation system affects the sustainability of this technology. In order to improve the water efficiency and get a sustainable water management, five 4-m2 modules of vegetated roofs were instrumented and monitored to evaluate the irrigation water requirements during the first year in Santiago, Chile (33 degrees 26 ' S, 70 degrees 39 ' W, 570 MASL). Based on the water retention properties, the maximum soil available water was 10%, the permanent wilting point was 17% and 27% at field capacity. Three substrate depths (5-cm, 10-cm and 20-cm) and three commercial drainage systems found in Chile were evaluated. The results showed that with the same drainage system and irrigation conditions, the substrate depth controls both, stored water and daily temperature oscillation during summer. While 5 and 10-cm substrates showed low water contents ( close to the minimum for plant survival) and peak temperatures (54 degrees C and 38 degrees C respectively), 20-cm substrate reached the minimum soil moisture only in days with high atmospheric demands reaching a peak soil temperature of 27 degrees C. To provide a better and sustainable condition for the 5-cm green roof modules, water retention capacity was incremented to resist the harsh summer atmospheric conditions. With a proper drainage system, substrate moisture in 5-cm green roof was equal or higher than the measured in the 20-cm green roof. However, peak temperatures were not reduced. Therefore, in addition to water requirements and plant species tolerance to drought and high temperatures, it is crucial to know the soil water retention properties and selecting a suitable type of drainage. These factors, along with the irrigation criterion, must be considered in order to get a sustainable water management on an urban green roof when built in semiarid climate.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Ultracapacitors as unique energy storage for a city-car using five-level converter
    (IEEE, 2009) Dixon Rojas, Juan; Bosch Castro, Sebastián Andrés; Castillo, C.; Mura Jornet, Maximiliano
    A lightweight citycar, using five-level inverter and only ultracapacitors as energy storage is presented. Ultracapacitors (UCAPS) allow very fast charge and the five-level inverter permits to balance the discharge of UCAPS and also to improve the current waveforms that feed the traction motor. To get better efficiency, a brushless dc (BLDC) motor and a special control strategy is used. The main objective of this project is to be ready for replacing actual UCAPS for future elements using nanotechnology, which will be able to increase specific energy at list twenty times compared with actual UCAPS, keeping their fast charging characteristics and long cycle life.