Artículos de conferencia

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Browsing Artículos de conferencia by browse.metadata.categoriaods "15 Vida de ecosistemas terrestres"

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    Examining the role of urban form in supporting rapid and safe tsunami evacuations: A multi-scalar analysis in Viña del Mar, Chile
    (2018) León, Jorge; Mokrani, Cyril; Catalán, Patricio; Cienfuegos Carrasco, Rodrigo Alberto; Femenías, Carolina
    Cities are increasingly becoming hot-spots for nature-originated disasters. While the role of the urban built environment in fostering disaster resilience has been recognized for some time, it has been difficult to translate this potential into practice. This is especially challenging in the case of rapid onset crises such as near-field tsunamis, when appropriate urban forms have to support the populations' ability to autonomously carry out safe and timely responses. In this respect, much of current research remains focused on large-scale elements of urban configuration (streets, squares, parks, etc.) through which people move during an emergency. In contrast, the critical micro-scale of evacuees' experiences within the built environment is not commonly examined. This paper addresses this shortfall through a macro- and micro-scale analysis of a near-field tsunami scenario affecting the city of Villa del Mar, Chile, including a mixed-methods approach that combines computer-based models and fieldwork. The results show significant macro-scale tsunami vulnerability throughout major areas of the city, which nonetheless could be mitigated by existing nearby high ground and an urban form that allows short evacuation times. However, micro-scale outcomes show comparatively deficient spatial conditions that during an emergency might lead to dangerous outcomes including bottlenecks, falls and panic. Vertical evacuation, in turn, is confirmed as a suitable option for reducing vulnerability, but further examination of each shelter's characteristics is required. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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    Live ANDES: Mobile-Cloud Shared Workspace for Citizen Science and Wildlife Conservation
    (IEEE, 2015) Bonacic Salas, Cristián; Neyem, Andrés; Vásquez Guerra, Andrea Fernanda
    One of the weakest points of scientific research is the loss of data. A tiny fraction of the information generated onsite is published or released to public knowledge, and many useful studies end up stored in papers or emails without being utilized. Live ANDES is a mobile-cloud shared workspace designed to address this problem, promoting citizen science, data collection and analysis for wildlife conservation. It works by gathering geo-localized data provided by the scientific community, amateur naturalists, park rangers and people at large through web and mobile applications. Live ANDES offers filters, visualization and download options to work with existing data. Researchers can use this new information to identify species, ranges of distribution, and detect key habitat factors and potential threats to their conservation. Live ANDES is implemented using the Backend as a Service pattern on Microsoft Azure to manage the processing of the large amounts of data generated from sightings. It includes an API for mobile and desktop clients hosted in an Azure Virtual Machine, cloud storage and connection with external services to complement the existing information about recorded sightings. This paper discusses Live ANDES software design, architecture and a study case, in order to demonstrate an actual application of data management in the cloud and its impact on conservation.
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    Quantification of Coastal Erosion Rates Using Landsat 5, 7, and 8 and Sentinel-2 Satellite Images from 1986–2022—Case Study: Cartagena Bay, Valparaíso, Chile
    (2023) Briceño de Urbaneja, Idania; Pérez-Martínez, Waldo; Martínez Reyes, Carolina Del Pilar; Pardo-Pascual, Josep; Palomar-Vázquez, Jesús; Aguirre, Catalina; Donoso-Garcés, Raimundo
    Coastal erosion has become one of the many natural hazards affecting Chile’s sandy coastlines. Currently, more than 90% of the sandy coasts of Valparaíso show high erosion rates. Cartagena Bay is one of the coastal areas with the greatest transformations caused by extreme events and anthropogenic activities. Satellite imagery is seen as an invaluable resource for following these coastal changes. This study combines optical satellite imagery, a simulation-derived wave climate, in situ data, the SHOREX system developed in Python, and GIS-based tools such as DSAS to quantify rates of change in the Bay from 1986 to 2022. Satellite-derived shorelines were used to identify erosion hotspot areas in the Bay, differentiating the impact of erosive processes associated with ENSO hydrometeorological phenomena, the 27-F 2010 earthquake, and tidal waves from 2015–2022, which led to major transformations in the morphodynamics of the beach. The results show that the Bay is currently undergoing high erosional processes in 20% of the coastline with values <− 1.5 m/year and 60% with erosion rates ranging from [−0.2 to −1.5 m/year]. Since 2015, these processes have been accentuated, due to increased swells throughout the year.
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    The Prototype as a Cosmopolitical Place: Ethnographic design practice and research at the National Zoo in Santiago, Chile
    (2016) Hermansen Ulibarri, Pablo Ignacio; Neira, José
    This article presents an empirical reflection about the design of prototypes and the individualization of some animals at the National Zoo in Santiago, Chile. Using the material produced by design students, we describe how the process of prototyping contributes to singularize those animals, therefore becoming a cosmopolitical device. The environmental enrichment for chimpanzees case will demonstrate how prototyping displays a truly ontological vocation, establishing open processes of dialogue and experimentation. Its provisional, malleable and fragile nature turns the prototype into a locus for inquiry and exploration; its cosmopolitical qualities derived from its many forms of ontological diplomacy: instead of stabilizing properties, it constantly re-specifies its conditions for verification. Finally, we attempt to develop the thesis of the prototype as a cosmopolitical device and its implications on design research as well as a way to intervene the world.