Capítulos de libros

Permanent URI for this collection

https://repositorio.uc.cl/handle/11534/22991

Browse

Now showing 1 - 16 of 16

Argumentations and Logic
(Birkhäuser, 2024) Correia, Manuel
This paper comments on John Corcoran’s “Argumentations and Logic,” in which his author proposes that logic is the study of argumentations. Since this view challenges the traditional hylomorphic interpretation of logic as the study of formal arguments, which he identifies to Quine’s definition as the systematic studies of tautologies, and it makes difficult to distinguish logic from the contemporary theory of argumentation, I have opened a third alternative proposing to distinguish argument from argumentation through a renewal of the ancient quinquepartite doctrine saying that any logical argument contains the minimal parts for being conclusive, while any argumentation also contains the proof that make either credible or valid the premises of an argument.
Conclusions and recommendations
(Taylor and Francis, 2023) Manen, Saskia M. van; Kremer Ramírez, Klaus Nicolás; Jaenichen, Claudine; Lin, Tingyi S.; Ramírez Andersen, Rodrigo Andrés
This conclusion presents some closing thoughts of the key concepts discussed in the preceding chapters of this book. The book emphasizes the importance of structurally including design in all of its guises, methodologies and perspectives as standard practice in emergency management. It points out, in order to enable design for emergency management, a broader culture of design needs to become established within government agencies. The book offers suggestions of partners who can be engaged in co-designing, such as for-profit entities in the retail sector. It also offers another creative solution to this conundrum by showcasing the value of collaborating with higher education institutes. The book examines how to mobilize people by showcasing the interplay of various communication aspects, that is text, imagery, and an auditory component, which work in harmony to foreground urgency in a warning, and are intended to assist the audience in sense making and subsequent action taking.
Experimental Analysis of Helix Aspersa Shell as Cementitious Material
(Springer, 2024) Campos-Cortes, María José; Brescia-Norambuena, Leonardo; Retamoso, Claudia; Escalona Burgos, Néstor Guillermo
The high environmental impact of the cement industry demands the study of new cementitious materials. Often supplementary cementitious materials such as fly ash or silica fume are used; however, the depletion of raw materials encourages the assessment of new sources. Due to the high calcium content of snail shells, this research explored the use of crushed powder of Helix Aspersa to replace cement, evaluating its use at different percentages of replacement in weight (0, 5, and 10%), calcination temperature (0, 450, and 900 °C) and water-cementitious materials ratios (0.35, 0.40, and 0.45). The results included analysing setting time, compressive and flexural strength, water absorption, and shrinkage. Results indicated that snail shells (i) create an expansion during the first days (~15%), reaching similar values at 28 days, (ii) decrease the water absorption at calcination temperatures ≥450 °C, and (iii) slightly reduce the flexural strength (~16% in average) and compressive strength (~10% in average). As the main decrement of the responses is at a low w/cm ratio, it is expected that calcined snail shells offer the opportunity to save cement and pollution from the construction industry.
Frontline implementation conditions of the Families programme: Labour precarity and territorial gaps as aspects of weak state institutions in Chile
(Policy Press, 2024) Reininger, Taly; Muñoz Arce, Gianinna; Villalobos, Cristóbal; Duboy Luengo, Mitzi
This chapter analyses the implementation conditions of one of Chile’s central social protection system programmes: the Families programme. Successor to the Puente Programme (2002–2011) and the Ethical Family Income (2011–2016), the Families programme consists of preferential access to state social programmes, conditional and unconditional cash transfers, and a psychosocial support component for families living in situations of extreme poverty. This programme is Chile’s most significant state action in the ‘fight against poverty’. However, despite almost 20 years of experience, the highly precarious working conditions of the professionals who implement the programme and the territorial differences in implementation conditions are critical and persistent issues discussed in this chapter. Based on the findings from 17 individual and six group interviews with frontline professionals who implement the Families programme in six municipalities and the descriptive results of a nationally representative survey of frontline professionals implementing the programme, we discuss how weak institutions – specifically administrative/organisational and professional factors – contribute to undesired policy outcomes. We conclude the chapter by reflecting on the challenges of implementing social policies in weak institutional contexts and suggest recommendations for policymakers. Keywords
Introduction - Exploring avenues for the transformation of teaching and learning English in Chile
(Taylor and Francis, 2024) Barahona, Malba; Veliz, Leonardo; Darwin, Stephen; Barahona, Malba; Veliz, Leonardo; Darwin, Stephen
This chapter introduces the context and key issues explored in the book, providing a critical overview of each of the chapters. It begins by outlining the historical and contemporary landscape of English language teaching (ELT) in Chile, and then moving to consider how English was integrated into the national curriculum. A critical reality—the persistent socio-economic disparities affecting language acquisition and proficiency—is considered in the context of the persistence of neoliberal educational policies that have led to pronounced levels of school segregation and inequitable resource allocation. Reflecting on the inequities and social injustices in English language education, the chapter details the editors’ collective commitment in developing the volume to critically analysing contemporary ELT practices and exploring prospective opportunities for transformative change. The chapter emphasises that this work can act as a potential catalyst for practitioners, educators, and scholars to use these insights, experiences, and innovations to foster critical dialogue on curriculum, policy, and pedagogical practices with an orientation toward transformative change.
Looking from the outside in: Action research in initial language teacher education
(Taylor and Francis, 2024) Barahona, Malba; Darwin, Stephen; Burns, Anne; Dikilitaş, Kenan
© 2025 selection and editorial matter, Anne Burns and Kenan Dikilitas. All rights reserved.In this chapter, we critically explore the potential of action research (AR) for initial language teacher education programmes. In considering the foundations of AR, we assess how these relate to the challenges faced by pre-service teachers as they seek to navigate the language classroom. One of the key challenges we identify is the pre-service teacher as the 'outsider' and the dynamic this creates in building trust and change, often under the already difficult pressures of practicum teaching experiences. Further, using a case study from Latin America, we argue that the democratic-collaborative foundations of AR are also not necessarily suited to all teaching environments, particularly those where more vertical, directive forms of education practice prevail, and teaching conditions are highly challenging. We conclude the chapter by offering some critical questions for teacher educators to consider in designing pre-service teacher research and encourage a more nuanced understanding of the value of situated research for initial language teacher education.
Mapocho Wetlands Bioroutes: Itineraries Proposal and Participatory Records
(Springer, 2024) Iturriaga del Campo, Sandra; Rojas Quezada, Carolina
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.This chapter presents a set of generative experiences that seek to value the Mapocho River and its wetland system in Santiago de Chile, based on the formulation of a set of itineraries and participatory records. These experiences were carried out within the framework of the research “Mapocho Downstream. Visual Atlas for the Revaluation of the Riverside Heritage and Landscape”, carried out by Mapocho 42K Lab UC between the years 2021 and 2023, led by the architect Sandra Iturriaga and integrated by the landscape architects Raúl Brito, Yohanna Carvajal and Aníbal Retamal. The main objective was to revalue the natural and cultural heritage of the Mapocho River in its downstream section, characterized by a condition of ecological corridor and riverside wetland. As part of the methodology addressed in the research, an exploratory and empirical experience was approached, which addressed the design, realization, and record of a set of itineraries and potential tours around the wetlands as generative experiences, which the research developed under the concept of Mapocho River Wetlands Bioroutes. These experiences were carried out under a participatory approach that links art and citizen science, in conjunction with local organizations and a collective of artists, with the aim of generating a tour experience that allows to know the value of the riverside wetlands from the interaction and perception of people with the environment and consider the value of these experiences for the potential implementation of tours in the wetlands. What is presented below is the conceptualization and methodology addressed to carry out these participatory experiences, and mainly the record and its systematization as the main methodological tool for verifying the value of the wetlands from the perception of those who carried out the experiences of the Bioroutes.
Media Education Challenges in a Digital Society: The Case of Chile
(Wiley, 2021) Condeza, Ana Rayén; Gálvez Johnson, Myrna; Herrada Hidalgo, Nadia; Fernández Medina, Francisco Javier
The executive council of UNESCO claims that media and information literacy (MIL) constitutes a concern for the entire world, due to the primary role of information, technology, and media in everyday life and in participating in every aspect of public life. However, in Chile, media education (ME) is not included in the school curriculum or in teacher training at universities. This chapter discusses the opportunities for ME in Chile. The Chile government is reviewing the digital agenda and has deployed five axes: developing a normative frame for the digital environment, expanding quality digital connectivity, digital government, promoting the development of a digital economy, and education quality. Some initiatives exist in Chile in terms of public policies for ME. They show the potential for integrating it in formal and informal settings. Securing ME and MIL in early education and continuing education for teachers is crucial but also needed for other professionals related to education.
News Gathering: Leveraging Transformers to Rank News
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Munoz C.; Apolo M.J.; Ojeda M.; Lobel H.; Mendoza M.
News media outlets disseminate information across various platforms. Often, these posts present complementary content and perspectives on the same news story. However, to compile a set of related news articles, users must thoroughly scour multiple sources and platforms, manually identifying which publications pertain to the same story. This tedious process hinders the speed at which journalists can perform essential tasks, notably fact-checking. To tackle this problem, we created a dataset containing both related and unrelated news pairs. This dataset allows us to develop information retrieval models grounded in the principle of binary relevance. Recognizing that many Transformer-based models might be suited for this task but could overemphasize relationships based on lexical connections, we tailored a dataset to fine-tune these models to focus on semantically relevant connections in the news domain. To craft this dataset, we introduced a methodology to identify pairs of news stories that are lexically similar yet refer to different events and pairs that discuss the same event but have distinct lexical structures. This design compels Transformers to recognize semantic connections between stories, even when their lexical similarities might be absent. Following a human-annotation assessment, we reveal that BERT outperformed other techniques, excelling even in challenging test cases. To ensure the reproducibility of our approach, we have made the dataset and top-performing models publicly available.
Observing the Wetlands of the Huasco River, Chile. Co-creation of a Space for the Dissemination of the Environmental and Cultural Values of the Landscape
(Springer, 2024) Arizaga, Ximena; Moreno, Osvaldo; Rojas Quezada, Carolina
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.The project presented seeks to describe the experience of an observatory project in the Huasco wetland, which in its essence is more than a built space, and, is based on the fact of observing together. The act of observing implies in this case representing the information in order to transmit it and correct it, together, with the inhabitants of Huasco. In this way, the Huasco Wetland observatory is a collective look at the wetland and is proposed, also, as an opportunity to rethink the city and its relationship with the territory. Wetlands are fragile spaces of enormous environmental wealth that provide ecosystem services to the inhabitants. Understanding them, studying them, and reconstructing the relationship of the inhabitants with these spaces is the first step toward their active protection.
Political communication mediated by digital media: misinformation and its impact on politics in Chile
(Taylor and Francis, 2024) Rosenberg Benadretti, Andrés Alejandro; Porath Campos, William Alejandro
Over the past few decades, social network sites (SNS) have revolutionized not only how citizens communicate with each other, but also how they are informed of national affairs, and even how they engage with their representatives. Accordingly, the scholarship on political communication has flourished. Chile is no exception. Research on political communication in Chile has seen important growth, with many issues being studied. However, there is agreement that mis/disinformation research holds an important place, since the consequences of uninformed citizenship are severe and evident. This chapter goes through some of the most relevant research on political communication in Chile, with a special interest in mis/disinformation studies and initiatives. Other political-related issues such as gender studies are incorporated, and guidelines for future research are discussed.
Regulation and Protection of Urban Wetlands: A Comparative Analysis in Chile, Colombia, and Peru
(Springer, 2024) Moschella, Paola; Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra; Aldana-Domínguez, Juanita; Stamm, Caroline Andre; Velásquez, Carlos Javier; Capera, Ingrid
Latin American countries have a set of legal instruments and public policies that contribute to the protection of urban wetlands against the pressure of city expansion that threatens their extent and quality. With the aim of discussing the role of public policies and regulations in the protection of urban wetlands, the situation in Chile, Colombia, and Peru is analyzed in a comparative manner. These countries are examples of diverse regulations and wetland biodiversity in urban environments. Legal instruments for environmental protection and conservation, spatial planning, and urban planning relevant to the management of urban wetlands are analyzed. In addition, advances in regulation and protection of urban wetlands are evaluated and contrasted based on national-level indicators. The lack of effective protection measures is demonstrated. The three countries have adhered to the Ramsar Convention to protect their wetlands and have established Ramsar sites; however, their existence does not stop the pressures and threats to the wetlands. It is identified that Peru has a larger surface area of Ramsar sites and that Colombia has the most extensive Ramsar urban wetland. It is highlighted that Chile has a recent urban wetlands law, while in Colombia and Peru the category of urban wetland does not exist in legislation. Meanwhile, in the protected natural areas, urban wetlands practically have no presence. Among the main weaknesses are the disarticulation between sectors and planning scales; in addition to outdated planning instruments regarding current challenges such as climate change, the water crisis, and the loss of biodiversity.
Resilience, support, and feminist counterpublics in online debates of gender-based violence in Latin America
(Taylor and Francis, 2024) Bachmann Cáceres, Ingrid Andrea
This chapter addresses the way social media users contest discriminatory practices and engage in ideological struggle surrounding a debate about women’s agency and safety in the Latin American online public sphere. Based on a selection of relevant Spanish-language feminist hashtags —or femitags— a thematic textual analysis of almost 10,000 X (formerly Twitter) and Instagram posts explores the arguments and articulations used by users to speak up and talk back in the discussion. Findings suggest that three themes are commonly used in these contestations of violence against women in these online debates: (1) talking back to victim-blaming messages, (2) decrying that it is about time women are able to do and go as they please without the fear of being attacked, and (3) speaking up against Latin American machismo and society’s response to gender-based violence. These social media users have used the online public sphere to resist gender inequalities, practice contention, and remind us that even personal choices such as those regarding women’s everyday lives are intrinsically political.
Urban Wetland Losses and Land-Use Conservation Challenges in Three Latin American Cities
(Springer, 2024) Aldana-Domínguez, Juanita; Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra; Munizaga, Juan; Moschella, Paola; Stamm, Caroline Andre; Martínez, Carolina
Wetlands are valuable and threatened ecosystems throughout the world. They are essential for the maintenance of life and ecological balance, in addition to providing a larger number of benefits to human societies. Wetlands reduce the risk of flooding by regulating the flow of water, being essential to reduce the impacts of climate change, especially along the coasts and coastal cities of the world. Urban growth poses a risk to wetlands in and around urban areas. In this work, we quantify the loss trends of wetlands in urban areas in three Latin American countries between the years 2002 and 2019. We selected as case studies the wetlands of Aconcagua in Chile, Ciénaga de Mallorquín in Colombia, and Pantanos de Villa in Peru. Through multitemporal analysis of Quickbird satellite imagery collections, we classify land covers at 2.5-m resolution and identify areas covered by wetland. We quantify the losses and gains of the wetland areas and the areas surrounding them. We found that the three wetlands analyzed lost area, confirming the worldwide trend of loss. The Ciénaga de Mallorquín wetland was the one that decreased the most due to coastal dynamics and urbanization. The Pantanos de Villa wetland reduced its area due to the increase in urban areas that grew filling the wetland under the pressure of informal settlements and beach condominiums. Lastly, the Aconcagua wetland was reduced due to the increase in grasslands together with the increase in bare soil, also affecting the beaches and dunes. In all three case studies, urban wetlands decreased due to urban growth. For this reason, we call attention to the urgency of improving urban planning to ensure the maintenance of these key ecosystems to ensure more sustainable and resilient cities, as proposed by Sustainable Development Goal 11.
Urban Wetlands as Resilient Landscape Infrastructure—The Case of Llanquihue Green Infrastructure Plan, Chile
(Springer, 2024) Moreno, Osvaldo; Rojas Quezada, Carolina
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.The urban green infrastructure planning approach provides an innovative conceptual and operational framework to face the current challenges of conservation and rehabilitation of urban wetlands in the context of disturbances and vulnerabilities caused by urban expansion processes, climate change and disasters. In this sense, landscape units and their components can be conceived as a potential structuring network for the city and the territory, contributing to an integrated planning of natural and anthropic systems at both spatial and functional levels, considering the relationship of their ecologies with urban infrastructure systems through nature-based solutions. The Llanquihue Green Infrastructure Plan—an applied research initiative presented in this chapter—addresses this conceptual framework to configure a landscape project based on the spatial and functional articulation of existing urban wetlands, transforming them into key elements of an infrastructure system designed to provide social benefits and ecosystem services to the city and its communities. Instead of “constructing” green spaces, with the high costs involved, the plan proposes the concept of “landscape activation” through the configuration of specific and delimited components designed to enable, equip and provide access to these areas, thereby promoting the efficiency of the public investment. The performance of these hybrid natural systems—related to the synergistic combination of ecological and anthropic components—contributes to the provision of socio-ecological functions and services related to risk reduction and adaptive capacity to climate change. At the same time, in the absence of public and green spaces, especially in vulnerable environments, it can contribute to the development of memorable places for urban living through the integration of ecologies, social programmes and multi-purpose infrastructures. From a strategic approach, this initiative is proposed as a complementary and guiding platform to feed the current urban planning instruments, as well as to generate alternative mechanisms and tools for the integrated management of landscape and public spaces, becoming a potential model to be applied in other cases of regional cities also characterised by problems related to the recovery and enhancement of urban ecosystems.
Urban Wetlands in Latin America as Support to 17 SDG: A Guideline to Sustainable Cities to SDG 11
(Springer, 2024) Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra; Aldana-Dominguez, Juanita; Moschella, Paola; Stamm, Caroline Andre; Soto, Evelyn
Wetlands support all 17 Sustainable Development Goals, but they are particularly relevant to SDG 11 on “Sustainable Cities and Communities” because their preservation reinforces the ecosystem services that are essential for cities, such as flood protection, recreation, and freshwater provision, among other benefits. This chapter proposes the integration of wetlands into SDG 11 through the development of a participatory action guide with key stakeholders. The objectives of this guide are (i) to define sustainability criteria for wetlands, and (ii) to review all the targets of SDG 11 by 2030, to propose guidelines, and to introduce new indicators that consider urban wetlands to achieve sustainable cities in Latin America. Results show that the urban wetlands could contribute to goals 11.1 and 11.2 by playing a crucial role in neighborhood improvements, especially in providing green areas, the results indicated that the most relevant goals for the inclusion of wetlands are 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, 11.6, and 11.7 targets of SGD 11.

Browse

Browsing Capítulos de libros by browse.metadata.fuente "SCOPUS"

Results Per Page

Sort Options