Is the proliferation of private standards acting as a non-tariff trade barrier in agrifood trade? Evidence from Chilean grape exports

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dc.contributor.authorAnriquez, Gustavo
dc.contributor.authorGajardo, Jose Tomas
dc.contributor.authorde Frahan, Bruno Henry
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-20T17:06:31Z
dc.date.available2025-01-20T17:06:31Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.description.abstractPurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze the impacts that the recent proliferation of private and overlapping standards is having in the trade of agricultural products from developing countries.Design/methodology/approachIn a first stage industry experts in the Chilean fresh fruit trading industry were interviewed to understand the perceived impact that private standards are imposing in the industry. These interviews allowed to identify the market case study, table grapes, the landscape of private standards and their prevalence in different countries. In a second stage, a gravity trade model for trade in table grapes was estimated, with a focus on the more stringent countries identified by experts in the first stage.FindingsWe show evidence that the proliferation of private standards required by large European retailers has diverted trade away from more stringent countries that require more certifications (and into less stringent European markets). We also show that the costs of these additional certifications have been shared by trading partners, via an increase in direct sales, as opposed to consignment (the traditional marketing mode), which is associated with higher prices.Research limitations/implicationsThe impacts of the recent proliferation of private and overlapping standards in international trade needs to be better understood both by the legal and economic literature. While the use of private standards has been growing since the 1990s, there is a recent trend of large European retailers imposing their own and overlapping standards that needs to be better understood to inform policy.Originality/valueWhile there is a thin literature on the impact of private standards on trade, most of this has studied the effects of the now de facto mandatory GlobalGAP certification. However, there is a recent trend by large European retailers of demanding their own private certifications, together with other already existing overlapping private standards. This study describes and analyzes the impacts of this rather new trend.
dc.fuente.origenWOS
dc.identifier.doi10.1108/JADEE-08-2023-0200
dc.identifier.eissn2044-0847
dc.identifier.issn2044-0839
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1108/JADEE-08-2023-0200
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.uc.cl/handle/11534/90797
dc.identifier.wosidWOS:001190813200001
dc.language.isoen
dc.revistaJournal of agribusiness in developing and emerging economies
dc.rightsacceso restringido
dc.subjectPrivate standards
dc.subjectTrade
dc.subjectNon-tariff trade barriers
dc.subjectGravity model
dc.subject.ods01 No Poverty
dc.subject.ods02 Zero Hunger
dc.subject.odspa01 Fin de la pobreza
dc.subject.odspa02 Hambre cero
dc.titleIs the proliferation of private standards acting as a non-tariff trade barrier in agrifood trade? Evidence from Chilean grape exports
dc.typeartículo
sipa.indexWOS
sipa.trazabilidadWOS;2025-01-12
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