Adaptive Intrusion Mitigation in Software-Defined Vehicles Using Deep Reinforcement Learning
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Date
2025
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Abstract
Software-defined vehicles (SDVs) leverage vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication to enable advanced connectivity and autonomous driving capabilities. However, this increased interconnectivity also exposes them to cyber threats such as spoofing, denial-of-service attacks, and data manipulation, making intrusion detection systems (IDS) essential for ensuring SDV security and reliability. In this work, we propose a novel intrusion mitigation approach that integrates Advantage Actor-Critic (A2C) reinforcement learning with a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network to detect anomalies and intrusions in V2X communications. The LSTM component captures temporal dependencies in V2X data, enhancing the model's ability to identify emerging attack patterns, while the A2C framework dynamically adjusts defensive actions, including flagging, blocking or monitoring traffic, based on evolving threat levels. Experimental results demonstrate the model's effectiveness, achieving high detection accuracy and sensitivity. Additionally, we analyze how the system adapts over time, becoming more confident in its decision-making and optimizing security enforcement. This work enhances SDV cybersecurity by introducing a learning-based adaptive intrusion response system aiming at mitigating threats in highly dynamic vehicular networks.
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Keywords
Software-defined vehicles, Intrusion mitigation, Deep reinforcement learning