Evaporation and land surface energy budget at the Salar de Atacama, Northern Chile

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dc.contributor.authorKampf, SK
dc.contributor.authorTyler, SW
dc.contributor.authorOrtiz, CA
dc.contributor.authorMunoz, JF
dc.contributor.authorAdkins, PL
dc.date.accessioned2024-01-10T13:12:55Z
dc.date.available2024-01-10T13:12:55Z
dc.date.issued2005
dc.description.abstractPlaya systems are driven by evaporation processes, yet the mechanisms by which evaporation occurs through playa salt crusts are still poorly understood. In this study we examine playa evaporation as it relates to land surface energy fluxes, salt crust characteristics, groundwater and climate at the Salar de Atacama, a 3000 km(2) playa in northern Chile containing a uniquely broad range of salt crust types. Land surface energy budget measurements were taken at eight representative sites on this playa during winter (August 2001) and summer (January 2002) seasons. Measured values of net all-wave radiation were highest at vegetated and rough halite crust sites and lowest over smooth, highly reflective salt crusts. Over most of the Salar de Atacama, net radiation was dissipated by means of soil and sensible heat fluxes. Dry salt crusts tended to heat and cool very quickly, whereas soil heating and cooling occurred more gradually at wetter vegetated sites. Sensible heating was strongly linked to wind patterns, with highest sensible heat fluxes occurring on summer days with strong afternoon winds. Very little energy available at the land surface was used to evaporate water. Eddy covariance measurements could only constrain evaporation rates to within 0.1 mm d(-1), and some measured evaporation rates were less than this margin of uncertainty. Evaporation rates ranged from 0.1 to 1.1 mm d(-1) in smooth salt crusts around the margin of the salar and from 0.4 to 2.8 mm d(-1) in vegetated areas. No evaporation was detected from the rugged halite salt crust that covers the interior of the salar, though the depth to groundwater is less than 1 m in this area. These crusts therefore represent a previously unrecorded end member condition in which the salt crusts form a practically impermeable barrier to evaporation. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
dc.fechaingreso.objetodigital27-03-2024
dc.format.extent17 páginas
dc.fuente.origenWOS
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.01.005
dc.identifier.eissn1879-2707
dc.identifier.issn0022-1694
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.01.005
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.uc.cl/handle/11534/78246
dc.identifier.wosidWOS:000230436200014
dc.information.autorucIngeniería;Muñoz J;S/I;99634
dc.issue.numero1-4
dc.language.isoen
dc.nota.accesocontenido parcial
dc.pagina.final252
dc.pagina.inicio236
dc.publisherELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
dc.revistaJOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
dc.rightsacceso restringido
dc.subjectevaporation
dc.subjectenergy budgets
dc.subjectAtacama Desert
dc.subjectplayas
dc.subjectGROUNDWATER MOUND
dc.subjectFLUX MEASUREMENTS
dc.subjectDISCHARGE
dc.subjectPLAYA
dc.subjectLAKE
dc.subjectCOMPONENTS
dc.subjectBALANCE
dc.subjectBASIN
dc.subjectFLATS
dc.subject.ods06 Clean Water and Sanitation
dc.subject.odspa06 Agua limpia y saneamiento
dc.titleEvaporation and land surface energy budget at the Salar de Atacama, Northern Chile
dc.typeartículo
dc.volumen310
sipa.codpersvinculados99634
sipa.indexWOS
sipa.indexScopus
sipa.trazabilidadCarga SIPA;09-01-2024
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