First Report of Cadophora malorum Associated With Cordon Dieback in Kiwi Plants in Chile

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dc.catalogadoryvc
dc.contributor.authorDíaz, G. A.
dc.contributor.authorLolas, M.
dc.contributor.authorFerrada, E. E.
dc.contributor.authorLatorre Guzmán, Bernardo
dc.contributor.authorZoffoli Guerra, Juan Pablo
dc.date.accessioned2025-03-19T21:24:11Z
dc.date.available2025-03-19T21:24:11Z
dc.date.issued2016
dc.description.abstractChile is the third largest exporter of fresh kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa A. Chev.) worldwide, with over 10,000 ha cultivated. Cordon dieback of kiwi plants has increased considerably during the last decade in Chile. Symptoms include short internodes with small, chlorotic leaves, death of cane tips, and cordon dieback. Symptomatic cordons exhibited hard, brown, irregular cankers comprising between 5 to 45% of the cross section. An incidence of 25 to 75% of plants showing dieback symptoms was estimated (175 to 320 plants were observed per orchard) during a survey in seven commercial cv. Hayward orchards (>7 years old), located between Rancagua (34°00′ S) and Linares (35°48′ S), in 2013 and 2014. Symptomatic cordons (n = 82) were collected and cut into 5-cm2 pieces, surface disinfested with 96% ethanol for 10 s, and flamed for 8 s. Small wood pieces (2 to 3 mm) were taken from the edge of necrotic and healthy tissue, and plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with antibiotics and Igepal (Díaz and Latorre 2014). Grayish colonies (n = 18), with a Cadophora-like growth, were obtained after 21 days at 20°C. The remaining samples were in the Diaporthaceae and Botryosphaeriaceae families. On PDA, colonies grew slowly and exhibited a woolly to cottony center with regular white margins, and produced a yellow pigmentation. Microscopically, short, erect conidiophores had simple, hyaline or slightly pigmented erect monophialides, with single terminal collarettes. Conidia (n = 30) were hyaline, unicellular, oblong to ellipsoidal, biguttulate and, measured (1.7) 2.3 (3.6) × (3.7) 6.1 (7.8) µm (Gams 2000). Based on Travadon et al. (2015), three loci (ITS, β-tubulin, and EF1-α) were used for further molecular identification, using primers ITS4/ITS5, Bt2a/Bt2b and EF1-728F/EF1-986R. The sequences of four isolates were deposited in GenBank (Accession Nos. KT358979 to KT358982, KU532780 to KU532783, and KU532851 to KU532854 for ITS, β-tubulin, and EF1-α, respectively). BLAST analyses showed 99 to 100% identity with Cadophora malorum (Kidd & Beaumont) W. Gams (isolate CBS 165.42 ex-type, Accession Nos. AY249059, KM497134, and KM497090). Pathogenicity tests were conducted on kiwifruit canes (n = 16) and trunks (n = 10) of 15- and 3-year-old, respectively, Hayward vines during the winter months. The tips of the canes were pruned and 20 µl of a conidial suspension (106 conidia/ml) were placed on each pruning wound. Trunk inoculations were conducted at the base by creating a wound with a 5-mm-diameter cork borer and inserting a 5-mm mycelial plug, taken from 21-day-old cultures on PDA. An equal number of canes and trunks injured and treated with sterile agar plugs were used as negative controls. Vascular necrotic lesions of 111 and 62 mm in length developed on inoculated canes and trunks after 9 and 12 months, respectively, under field conditions. Lesions and dieback symptoms were observed in canes and trunks inoculated with C. malorum. Negative controls remained symptomless. Cadophora malorum was reisolated only from symptomatic canes and trunks. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. malorum associated with cordon dieback in kiwi plants in Chile. Previously, C. malorum, C. luteo-olivacea, and C. melinii have been reported causing wood canker in kiwi plants (Prodi et al. 2008). These results require additional research to understand the role of C. malorum in the fungal complex associated with cordon dieback in kiwi in Chile.
dc.description.funderANID/FONDECYT No. 3140304
dc.format.extent2 páginas
dc.fuente.origenWoS
dc.identifier.doi10.1094/PDIS-09-15-0986-PDN
dc.identifier.eissn1943-7692
dc.identifier.issn0191-2917
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-15-0986-PDN
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.uc.cl/handle/11534/102841
dc.identifier.wosidWoS_ID: 000380299200040
dc.information.autorucFacultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal; Latorre Guzmán, Bernardo; S/I; 98977
dc.information.autorucFacultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal; Zoffoli Guerra, Juan Pablo; 0000-0003-0455-8477; 58311
dc.issue.numero8
dc.language.isoen
dc.nota.accesocontenido parcial
dc.publisherThe American Phytopathological Society (APS)
dc.rightsacceso restringido
dc.subjectPhialphora
dc.subjectGrapevine
dc.subject.ddc600
dc.subject.deweyTecnologíaes_ES
dc.titleFirst Report of Cadophora malorum Associated With Cordon Dieback in Kiwi Plants in Chile
dc.typeartículo
dc.volumen100
sipa.codpersvinculados98977
sipa.codpersvinculados58311
sipa.trazabilidadWoS;05-06-2021
sipa.trazabilidadORCID;2025-03-03
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