Input lingüístico de madres y padres y producción lingüística en niños y niñas de 3 años de edad durante el juego
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Date
2024
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Abstract
El ambiente lingüístico en que crecen los niños/as (NN) es un importante predictor de sus habilidades cognitivas y de su lenguaje posterior. Sin embargo, sabemos poco sobre las características del input que reciben NN en sus hogares, menos aún del aporte diferencial del input materno y paterno en la producción lingüística de sus hijos/as. A partir de transcripciones de interacciones semiestructuradas de juego libre de 10 min entre m/padres y sus hijos/as se analizó la cantidad (utterances y preguntas) y la calidad (types) y Longitud Promedio del Enunciado (LPE) del input lingüístico de 115 madres y padres y sus hijos/as de 3 años. Los resultados indicaron diferencias significativas en la calidad del input, a favor de la madre. La LPE de los m/padres fue el único aspecto del input parental que se asoció con la producción lingüística de NN. No se encontraron diferencias en el input por género de los padres. Estos resultados apoyan la importancia de la calidad del lenguaje, más que la cantidad a la que están expuestos niños/as a temprana edad. Los hallazgos de este estudio en una muestra chilena contribuyen, por una parte, al cuerpo de conocimiento comparado de la variabilidad de input lingüístico al que tempranamente son expuestos los NN, y por otra, evidencian la necesidad de realizar intervenciones para que, especialmente durante los dos primeros años, los NN estén expuestos a interacciones ricas en complejidad lingüística, tanto desde las madres como de los padres
The linguistic environment in which children grow up is an important predictor of their cognitive abilities and later language skills. However, we know little about the characteristics of the input that children receive in their homes, even less about the differential contribution of maternal and paternal input to the linguistic production of their children. Using transcripts of 10-minute semi-structured free play interactions between mothers/fathers and their children, the quantity (utterances and questions) and quality (types) as well as the Mean Length of Utterances (MLU) of the linguistic input from 115 mothers and fathers and their 3-year-old children were analyzed. The results indicated significant differences in input quality, in favor of the mother. The MLU of mothers/fathers was the only aspect of parental input associated with the linguistic production of children. No differences were found in input based on the gender of the parents. These findings support the importance for children ́s expressive language at the age three of being exposed to quality language rather than just quantity, from mothers and fathers. The findings of this study in a Chilean sample contribute, on the one hand, to the comparative body of knowledge regarding the variability of linguistic input that children are exposed to early on, and on the other hand, highlight the need for interventions so that, especially during the first years of life, children are exposed to interactions rich in linguistic complexity from both mothers and fathers
The linguistic environment in which children grow up is an important predictor of their cognitive abilities and later language skills. However, we know little about the characteristics of the input that children receive in their homes, even less about the differential contribution of maternal and paternal input to the linguistic production of their children. Using transcripts of 10-minute semi-structured free play interactions between mothers/fathers and their children, the quantity (utterances and questions) and quality (types) as well as the Mean Length of Utterances (MLU) of the linguistic input from 115 mothers and fathers and their 3-year-old children were analyzed. The results indicated significant differences in input quality, in favor of the mother. The MLU of mothers/fathers was the only aspect of parental input associated with the linguistic production of children. No differences were found in input based on the gender of the parents. These findings support the importance for children ́s expressive language at the age three of being exposed to quality language rather than just quantity, from mothers and fathers. The findings of this study in a Chilean sample contribute, on the one hand, to the comparative body of knowledge regarding the variability of linguistic input that children are exposed to early on, and on the other hand, highlight the need for interventions so that, especially during the first years of life, children are exposed to interactions rich in linguistic complexity from both mothers and fathers