Validation of the abbreviated version of the Token Test in Latin American Spanish stroke patients

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dc.contributor.authorJulio-Ramos, Teresa
dc.contributor.authorMora-Castelletto, Valentina
dc.contributor.authorConejeros-Pavez, Jose
dc.contributor.authorSaez-Martinez, Josette
dc.contributor.authorSolinas-Ivys, Pia
dc.contributor.authorDonoso, Pamela
dc.contributor.authorSoler-Leon, Bernardita
dc.contributor.authorMartinez-Ferreiro, Silvia
dc.contributor.authorQuezada, Camilo
dc.contributor.authorMendez-Orellana, Carolina
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-20T16:08:10Z
dc.date.available2025-01-20T16:08:10Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.description.abstractBackground: The abbreviated version of the Token Test (aTT) is widely used to assess language comprehension deficits in stroke patients (SPs). However, aTT has not been validated for Latin American Spanish speakers, so clinicians tend to use cut-off scores for aTT validated in developed countries. Aims: To provide normative data for the Spanish aTT (Sp-aTT) in healthy Chilean Spanish-speaking and SP, determining the influence of sociodemographic variables such as gender, age and education on Sp-aTT performance. Methods & Procedures: A total of 210 healthy volunteers (age range = 18-88 years) and 197 SPs (age range = 23-94 years), all native speakers of Chilean Spanish, were recruited. The association of age, gender and years of education on the Sp-aTT performance was analysed. Specificity and sensibility analyses of the Sp-aTT to diagnose language comprehension deficits were completed. Outcomes & Results: Only age (p < 0.001) and years of education (p < 0.001) impacted the total score of Sp-aTT. Gender did not show an association with Sp-aTT performance (p = 0.181). For SPs, the Sp-aTT score showed a significant positive correlation (rho = 0.4, p < 0.001) with the aphasia severity rating scale (ASRS) score. For Sp-aTT, the area under the curve was 0.97, and the optimal cut-off score for the Sp-aTT was 30 (0.73 of sensitivity, 0.92 of specificity and a Youden index of 0.644). Conclusions & Implications: Age and years of education are two key factors to be controlled for when determining the optimal cut-off points for the Sp-aTT. Our results also highlight the need for language-specific norms in stroke and aphasia research.
dc.fuente.origenWOS
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/1460-6984.13117
dc.identifier.eissn1460-6984
dc.identifier.issn1368-2822
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.13117
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.uc.cl/handle/11534/90055
dc.identifier.wosidWOS:001319338500001
dc.language.isoen
dc.revistaInternational journal of language & communication disorders
dc.rightsacceso restringido
dc.subjectabbreviated Token Test
dc.subjectage
dc.subjecteducation
dc.subjectgender
dc.subjectSpanish
dc.titleValidation of the abbreviated version of the Token Test in Latin American Spanish stroke patients
dc.typeartículo
sipa.indexWOS
sipa.trazabilidadWOS;2025-01-12
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