Browsing by Author "Jordan, M"

Now showing 1 - 12 of 12
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    Effect of solid residues from the cellulose industry on plant growth
    (2004) Jordan, M; Rodriguez, E
    An alternative use of solid organic and inorganic residues as fertilizers from a Kraft pulp industry was studied. Residues of inorganic nature, such as ashes, fly-ashes, dregs, grits, as well those rich in organic matter, primary sludge and brown stock rejects, were examined for plant growth enhancement. These residues, all alkaline in nature, used in different concentrations together with soil, bark, organic soil or mixed with a nutrient solution, were tested on the growth of Monterey pine (Pinus radiata), Eucalyptus globulus, rice (Oryza sativa cv. 'Diamante'), and duckweed (Lemna minor) under greenhouse and in-vitro conditions, respectively. Responses varied according to plant species, type, and waste content in combination with substrate. For Monterey pine, substrates including ash, fly-ash, and dregs promoted growth; in Eucalyptus seedlings dregs and fly-ash were also beneficial. Primary sludge and ash were favorable for rice growth. Duckweed increased frond number and plant biomass when grown in water containing fly-ash and primary sludge extracts, combined with nutrient salts.
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    In vitro culture of Quillaja saponaria Mol. (Soap-bark tree), Rosaceae
    (2004) Jordan, M; Roveraro, C
    Nodal sections of Quillaja saponaria, 'Quillay', including the proximal part of leaf laminae from 2-year old trees, as well as polynodal sections (3-4 axillary buds), were cultivated in MS-medium (MURASHIGE and SKOOG (1962) in the presence of various cytokinins, especially high levels of benzyladenine (BA) or thidiazuron (TDZ). This initiated profuse branching of the axillary bud and the induction of many new shoots and also callus formation in both explant types. From a single polynodal explant, more than 200 new multiple shoots developed in a period of 34 months. Proliferation of new shoots occurred mostly under the preexisting axillary bud(s) of the section and at the proximal end of the petiole with its intact leaf attached. Shoot clusters or isolated shoots elongated in subculture in the presence of MS-medium without growth regulators or formed roots when supplemented with indolebutyric acid (IBA) within a period of 30-60 days, leading to plantlets. Root formation occurred in 1/2 strength MS-medium with added 1 % sucrose and 0.6, 1.2 and 5.0 mg l(-1) IBA, as single hormone. Roots did not form in lower IBA levels (0.1 mg l(-1)) while the addition of phloroglucinol or thiamine did not enhance rhizogenesis besides the IBA. Despite the strong shoot initiation occurring in both nodal and polynodal explants, morphogenesis was not observed in leaf explant sections, and callus derived from nodal sections, formed green globular structures only without further differentiation.
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    In vitro regeneration of Gomortega keule (Gomortegaceae), a Chilean endemic tree in danger of extinction
    (2005) Jordan, M; Gonzalez, J; Roveraro, C
    Axillary buds of nodal sections from 2-year old trees of Gomortega keule (Mol.) Baillon, 'Queule', 'Keule', (Family: Gomorte gaceae) were induced to sprout and developed many shoots in presence of 0.54 mu M naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 4.44 mu M benzylaminopurine (BA) in a liquid WP-medium (LLOYD and McCowN 1980) within a period of 2-3 weeks. After transfer to a medium containing 22.2 mu M BA, each new single node section of about 0.5 cm initiated numerous adventitious shoots; alternatively, roots were formed when these explants were transferred to a medium containing 2.95, 12.3 or 24.6 mu M indolebutyric acid (IBA). Root formation took place in presence of 24.6 mu M IBA in approx. 46 % of the sub-cultured nodal segments after a period of 3 months, leading to plandets. Regeneration response was restricted to the sprouts of axillary buds; other explant-types tested, i.e. petioles, leaf, and internodal sections showed callus formation only and no other responses.
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    In vitro regeneration of Sophora toromiro from seedling explants
    (2001) Jordan, M; Larrain, M; Tapia, A; Roveraro, C
    Embryonic axes with cotyledons, shoot-tips of embryonic axes, isolated cotyledons, as well as axillary buds and leaves from 20-year-old trees of Sophora toromiro, were evaluated for their capacity to trigger organogenesis and to regenerate plantlets under in vitro conditions. Embryonic shoot-tips were the only explants capable of regenerating plants. They developed rapidly in vitro in the presence of NAA and BA while in subculture roots were induced at the proximal end in the presence of 0.49 muM IBA within 40-60 days. Development was completed with a subculture phase under non-sterile conditions using a mixture of equal parts of sterilized vermiculite/sand/soil in growth chambers, before final acclimation in the greenhouse. In the presence of NAA, BA and GA(3), whole embryonic axes formed multiple shoots that branched when grown in 2.27 or 11.35 muM TDZ in subculture. Similarly, callus was initiated at the embryo axis base, developing into several new shoots in the presence of TDZ. Because of the relatively high shoot induction rate along the embryonic axis, this axis presents a valuable source of new juvenile explants. Growth and rhizogenesis was satisfactory only when organs from seed pods of the year or from the previous season were used. Experiments with isolated cotyledons produced callus only, while axillary buds and leaves did not show any responses in the presence of several growth regulators assayed. Inoculation of seedlings with various strains of rhizobia under in vitro conditions resulted in root outgrowths, but not in nodules that are typical of rhizobia infection.
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    In vitro regeneration of some leguminous multipurpose trees from seedling explants
    (1998) Jordan, M
    Under in vitro conditions, MS-nutrients in combination with BAP or TDZ, induce formation of new shoots in intact and decapitated embryonic axes of 7-day old Leucaena leucocephala, Acacia caven and A. visco seedlings. Shoot formation occurred after 11 and within 21 days in culture; responses depended on species, explant condition and growth regulators. In subculture, single shoots of L. leucocephala and A. visco formed roots (in presence of NAA or IBA) and plantlets (after a second transfer using the same growth medium but without regulators).
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    In vitro regeneration of Minthostachys andina (Brett) Epling - a Bolivian native species with aromatic and medicinal properties
    (1997) Castillo, JA; Jordan, M
    Various explants of Minthostachys andina (Brett.) were evaluated for their morphogenic potential under in vitro culture conditions. Axillary buds derived from 2 year-old plants grown in MS-medium supplemented with 4.4 or 8.8 mu M BA and 0.054 mu M NAA, initiated shoot growth and new shoot formation. Under subculture in NN medium, shoots were rooted in the presence of NAA (1.6, 2.7 or 5.3 mu M) alone or in combination with IBA (9.8 mu M), and the regenerated plantlets were later acclimatised in the greenhouse. Also, polynodal segments from seedlings initiated multiple shoots and plantlets when initially cultured in presence of NN-liquid salt medium supplemented with 2.2-17.7 mu M BA or 4.5-13.6 M TDZ in combination with different auxin-like growth regulators and after a final transfer for root initiation. The same types of responses were found in hypocotyl and leaf explants, which produced adventitious shoots in the presence of TDZ. The use of antioxidants helped to prevent browning and favoured organogenesis.
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    In vitro shoot and root organogenesis, plant regeneration and production of tropane alkaloids in some species of Schizanthus
    (2006) Jordan, M; Humam, M; Bieri, S; Christen, P; Poblete, E; Muñoz, O
    A rapid in vitro propagation system leading to formation of shoots from callus, roots, and plantlets was developed for Schizanthus hookeri Gill. (Solanaceae), an endemic Chilean plant. The genus Schizanthus is of particular interest due to the presence of several tropane alkaloids. So far, in vitro propagation of species of this genus has not been reported. Propagation of S. hookeri consisted of two phases, the first one for callus initiation and shoot formation and the second for rhizogenesis and plantlet regeneration. From a single callus that rapidly increased in cell biomass (from similar to 50 mg to similar to 460 mg/culture tube [25 x 130 mm] in 60 days) in the presence of 2.69 mu M NAA and 2.22 mu M BA, more than 10 shoots/callus explant were formed. From the latter, approx. twenty plantlets formed after 90-110 days shoot subculture in medium devoid of growth regulators that favored root formation. Ten alkaloids ranging from simple pyrrolidine derivatives to tropane esters derived from angelic, tiglic, senecioic or methylmesaconic acids were obtained from in vitro regenerated plantlets. One of thern, 3 alpha-methylmesaconyloxytropane was not previously described. The same growth conditions, as well as other growth regulator levels tested, were required to induce callus and root formation in S. grahamii Gill. Root organogenesis occurred despite a high level of BA vs. NAA used, (i.e., 4.44 mu M BA and 0.54 mu M NAA); however no shoot formation was achieved. In the case of S. tricolor Grau et Gronbach, only callus formation was obtained in the presence of various growth regulators. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Organogenesis in vitro of Nothofagus alpina (P et E) Oerst, Fagaceae
    (1996) Jordan, M; Velozo, J; Sabja, AM
    In vitro shoot and root regeneration of 2-year-old Nothofagus alpina plants was achieved from several types of explants cultured in vitro on a modified Woody Plant Medium formulation. Multiple shoot formation was obtained from leaf explants using 0.45-2.27 mu M thidiazuron and 0.0049-0.098 mu M indolebutyric acid. Excised axillary buds formed shoots and roots in the presence of 0.0049 mu M benzyladenine and 2.46 mu M indolebutyric acid, or in the absence of plant growth regulators. Nodal sections rooted when 2.46 mu M indole butyric acid at was supplied in the medium. Subcultured shoots originating from nodal sections showed a high regeneration rate through multiple shoot and root formation.
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    Rapid in vitro propagation and microtuber production in Ullucus tuberosus (Basellaceae)
    (2002) Jordan, M; Amenábar, A; Roveraro, C
    A rapid in vitro propagation system leading to the generation of plantlets and microtubers was developed for Ullucus tuberosus. The method consisted of a two phase culture. The first started with nodal sections, each showing 3-4 axillary buds, and was the source of a large number of new shoots (max. 18.3 shoots/ flask) which formed within 15 days. Development of new shoots by axillary-bud sprouting and profuse shoot branching took place after 2-4 days in the presence of MS-media supplemented with various growth regulators including NAA, GA(3), BA or Z (Zeatin). The second phase, taking place after 15 days, consisted in subculturing single shoots to promote the production of roots and microtubers. Single shoots, transferred to a liquid (chromatogram paper-bridges) or jellyfied MS-agar medium in various levels of the indicated plant growth regulators, developed roots forming plantlets with I or more microtubers within 2 months. The highest tuberization yield was obtained in the presence of NAA (0.3 mg 1(-1)), BA (0.1 mg 1(-1)) and GA3 (0.01 mg 1(-1)) resulting in approx. 83 % tuber formation.
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    Regeneration of babaco [Carica pentagona (Heilborn) Badillo] by somatic embryogenesis
    (1999) Jordan, M; Piwanski, D
    Somatic embryos of babaco [Carica pentagona, (Heilborn) Badillo] were obtained from morphogenic callus and from callus-derived cell suspensions, both originating from leaf lamina-explants obtained from several culture steps. Callus formation occurred in the presence of TDZ and IAA; but GA3 appears to be necessary (in the final culture step) for embryo development. Under the culture conditions used, embryogenesis in babaco was low compared to embryo yield figures for other edible species of the family Caricaceae.
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    Secondary metabolite content in Fabiana imbricata plants and in vitro cultures
    (2004) Schmeda-Hirschmann, G; Jordan, M; Gerth, A; Wilken, D; Hormazabal, E; Tapia, AA
    A rapid in vitro propagation system leading to the formation of shoots, calli, roots, cell suspensions and plantlets was developed for the Andean medicinal plant Fabiana imbricata (Solanaceae). Massive propagation of shoots and roots was achieved by the temporary immersion system (TIS), morphogenesis and maintenance of cell suspensions by standard in vitro culture techniques. Oleanolic acid (OA), rutin, chlorogenic acid (CA) and scopoletin content in aerial parts of wild growing Fabiana imbricata plants as well as in plantlets regenerated in vitro, callus cultures, cell suspensions and biomass, obtained by the TIS system was assessed by HPLC.
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    Secondary metabolite content in rhizomes, callus cultures and in vitro regenerated plantlets of Solidago chilensis
    (2005) Schmeda-Hirschmann, G; Jordan, M; Gerth, A; Wilken, D
    An in vitro culture system leading to the formation of callus and plant regeneration, starting from nodal sections and shoot tips, was developed for Solidago chilensis (Asteraceae). The content of the gastroprotective diterpene solidagenone as well as the phenolics chlorogenic acid (CA) and rutin was determined either in rhizomes from wild growing plants and in callus and in in vitro regenerated plantlets by analytical HPLC. Additionally, total phenolic and flavonoid content was assessed in plant samples, callus and cell suspensions. In terms of dry starting material, the percentual solidagenone content in nine S. chilensis samples ranged from 0.5-3.5% for rhizomes from wild growing plants, 0.1-0.3% for callus and 0.3% for an in vitro regenerated plantlet, respectively. The highest solidagenone contents were found in the wild plant during the late summer in the months of March and April (3.52.2%) while highest values for chlorogenic acid (0.5%) and rutin (0.4%) were detected in May, before senescence. The callus tissue and cell suspensions contained some 1.8-2.0 and 1.2% of total phenolics, respectively. CA was the main phenolic in the cell suspension while only traces were found in the callus. Rutin was not detected in the callus nor cell culture.